UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2018

or

For the transition period from __________to__________

Commission File No. 0-14710

XOMA Corporation

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act of 1934).    Yes  ☐    No  ☒

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.

XOMA CORPORATION

FORM 10-Q

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1.  CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

XOMA CORPORATION

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

(Note 1) The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2017 has been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements as of that date included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.

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XOMA CORPORATION

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS) INCOME

(unaudited)

(in thousands, except per share amounts)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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XOMA CORPORATION

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(unaudited)

(in thousands)

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XOMA CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(unaudited)

1. Description of Business

XOMA Corporation (referred to as “XOMA” or the “Company”), a Delaware corporation, has a long history of discovering and developing innovative therapeutics derived from its unique platform of antibody technologies. Over the Company’s extensive history, it built a portfolio of fully-funded programs by advancing product candidates into the earlier stages of development and then licensing them to licensees who assumed the responsibilities of later stage development, regulatory approval and commercialization. Fully-funded programs are those for which the Company’s partners pay the development and commercialization costs. As licensees advance these programs, the Company is eligible for potential milestone and royalty payments. As part of the Company’s royalty aggregator business model, the Company will continue to expand its portfolio of fully-funded programs by acquiring potential milestone and royalty revenue streams on additional product candidates.

Liquidity and Financial Condition

With the exception of the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company has typically incurred significant operating losses and negative cash flows from operations since its inception. As of September 30, 2018, the Company had cash and cash equivalents of $28.4 million.  Based on the Company’s current cash and cash equivalents balance and its ability to control discretionary spending, such as royalty acquisitions, the Company has evaluated and concluded there are no conditions or events, considered in the aggregate, that raise substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern for a period of one year following the date that these financial statements are issued.

2. Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions among consolidated entities were eliminated upon consolidation. The unaudited consolidated financial statements were prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) in the United States for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. As permitted under those rules certain footnotes or other financial information can be condensed or omitted. These financial statements and related disclosures have been prepared with the assumption that users of the interim financial information have read or have access to the audited consolidated financial statements for the preceding fiscal year. Accordingly, these statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and related notes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017, filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on March 7, 2018.

These financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the Company’s annual consolidated financial statements and, in the opinion of management, reflect all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments that are necessary for a fair statement of the Company’s consolidated financial information. The interim results of operations are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the full year.

Reclassification

Certain prior period year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current quarter presentation.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses, and related disclosures. On an ongoing basis, management evaluates its estimates including, but not limited to, those related to revenue recognition, long-term equity securities, debt amendments, long-lived assets, restructuring liabilities, legal contingencies, and stock-based compensation. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other market-specific and other relevant assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources.

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Actual results may differ significantly from these estimates, such as the Company’s billing under past government contracts and amortization of the payments received from HealthCare Royalty Partners II, L.P. (“HCRP”). Under the Company’s contracts with the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (“NIAID”), a part of the National Institutes of Health (“NIH”), the Company billed using NIH’s provisional rates and thus is subject to future audits at the discretion of NIAID’s contracting office. These audits can result in an adjustment to revenue previously reported which potentially could be material. In addition, under the contracts with HCRP, the amortization for the reporting period is calculated based on the payments expected to be made by the licensees to HCRP over the term of the arrangement. Any changes to the estimated payments by the licensees to HCRP can result in a material adjustment to revenue previously reported.

Restructuring and Impairment Charges

Restructuring costs are primarily comprised of severance costs related to workforce reductions, contract termination costs, lease-related liability and asset impairments. The Company recognizes restructuring charges when the liability has been incurred, except for employee termination benefits that are incurred over time. Generally, employee termination benefits (i.e., severance costs) are accrued at the date management has committed to a plan of termination and employees have been notified of their termination dates and expected severance payments. Key assumptions in determining the restructuring costs include the terms and payments that may be negotiated to terminate certain contractual obligations and the timing of employees leaving the Company. Other costs, including contract termination costs, are recorded when the arrangement is terminated. Asset impairment charges have been, and will be, recognized when management has concluded that the assets have been impaired.

For lease-related liability, the Company recognizes the present value of facility lease-related obligations, net of estimated sublease income and other costs, when the Company has future payments with no future economic benefit. In future periods the Company will record accretion expense to increase the liability to an amount equal to the estimated future cash payments necessary to exit the leases. This requires judgment and management estimation to determine the expected time frame for securing a subtenant, the amount of sublease income to be received and the appropriate discount rate to calculate the present value of the future cash flows. Should actual lease costs differ from estimates, the Company may be required to adjust the restructuring charge which will impact operating expenses in the period any adjustment is recorded.

Revenue Recognition

Effective January 1, 2018, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Codification Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers ("ASC 606") using the modified retrospective transition method and applied the standard only to contracts that are still active or in place at that date. Also, as permitted, the Company applied the practical expedient under ASC 606 which permits the Company to treat all contract modifications that occurred prior to the adoption in aggregate when determining the performance obligations, transaction price and its allocation. Except for the Company’s license agreement with Rezolute, Inc. (formerly AntriaBio, Inc.) (“Rezolute”), the Company did not have any other contracts with customers for which the Company had not completed its performance obligations as of the adoption date January 1, 2018. The license agreement with Rezolute was not considered a contract under ASC 606 as it is not probable that the Company will collect substantially all of the consideration to which it will be entitled in exchange for the goods or services that will be transferred to Rezolute and there was no consideration exchanged upon execution of the arrangement or as of January 1, 2018 (see Note 4). Thus, the Company determined that the adoption of ASC 606 did not have a financial impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements. In addition, the adoption of ASC 606 has no material impact for tax purposes. This standard applies to all contracts with customers, except for contracts that are within the scope of other standards, such as leases, insurance, collaboration arrangements and financial instruments.  Under ASC 606, the Company recognizes revenue when its customer obtains control of promised goods or services, in an amount that reflects the consideration which the Company expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services.

To determine revenue recognition for arrangements that the Company determines are within the scope of ASC 606, the Company performs the following five steps: (i) identify the contract(s) with a customer; (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) the Company satisfies a performance obligation.  The Company only applies the five-step model to contracts when it is probable that Company will collect the consideration it is entitled to in exchange for the goods or services it transfers to the customer.  At contract inception, once the contract is determined to be within the scope of ASC 606, the Company assesses the goods or services promised within each contract and determines those that are performance obligations, and assesses whether each promised good or service is distinct.  The Company then recognizes as revenue the amount of the transaction price that is allocated to the respective performance obligation based on relative fair values, when (or as) the performance obligation is satisfied.

The Company recognizes revenue from its license and collaboration arrangements and royalties. The terms of the arrangements generally include payment to the Company of one or more of the following: non-refundable, upfront license fees, development, regulatory and commercial milestone payments, and royalties on net sales of licensed products.

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Licenses of intellectual property: If the license to the Company’s intellectual property is determined to be distinct from the other performance obligations identified in the arrangement, the Company recognizes revenue from non-refundable, upfront fees allocated to the license when the license is transferred to the customer and the customer is able to use and benefit from the license. For licenses that are bundled with other promises, such as transfer of related materials, process and know-how, the Company utilizes judgement to assess the nature of the combined performance obligation to determine whether the combined performance obligation is satisfied over time or at a point in time. Under the Company’s license agreements, the nature of the combined performance obligation is the granting of licenses to the customers as the other promises are not separately identifiable in the context of the arrangement. Since the Company grants the license to a customer as it exists at the point of transfer, and is not involved in any future development or commercialization of the products related to the license, the nature of the license is a right to use the Company’s intellectual property as transferred. As such, the Company recognizes revenue related to the combined performance obligation upon completion of the delivery of the related materials, process and know-how (i.e., at a point in time).

Milestone payments: At the inception of each arrangement that includes development and regulatory milestone payments, the Company evaluates whether the milestones are considered probable of being reached and estimates the amount to be included in the transaction price. ASC 606 suggests two alternatives to use when estimating the amount of variable consideration: the expected value method and the most likely amount method. Under the expected value method, an entity considers the sum of probability-weighted amounts in a range of possible consideration amounts. Under the most likely amount method, an entity considers the single most likely amount in a range of possible consideration amounts. The Company expects to use the most likely amount method for development and regulatory milestone payments. If it is probable that a significant cumulative revenue reversal would not occur, the associated milestone value is included in the transaction price. Milestone payments that are not within the control of the Company or the licensee, such as regulatory approvals, are not considered probable of being achieved until those approvals are received. The transaction price is then allocated to each performance obligation on a relative stand-alone selling price basis. The Company recognizes revenue as or when the performance obligations under the contract are satisfied. At the end of each subsequent reporting period, the Company re-evaluates the probability or achievement of each such milestone and any related constraint, and if necessary, adjusts its estimates of the overall transaction price. Any such adjustments are recorded on a cumulative catch-up basis, which would affect revenue and earnings in the period of adjustment.

Royalties: For arrangements that include sales-based royalties, including milestone payments based on the level of sales, and the license is deemed to be the predominant item to which the royalties relate, the Company recognizes revenue at the later of (i) when the related sales occur, or (ii) when the performance obligation to which some or all of the royalty has been allocated has been satisfied (or partially satisfied).

Upfront payments and fees are recorded as deferred revenue upon receipt or when due, and may require deferral of revenue recognition to a future period until the Company performs its obligations under these arrangements. Amounts payable to the Company are recorded as accounts receivable when the Company’s right to consideration is unconditional. The Company does not assess whether a contract has a significant financing component if the expectation at contract inception is such that the period between payment by the customer and the transfer of the promised goods or services to the customer will be one year or less.

Sale of Future Revenue Streams

The Company has sold its rights to receive certain milestones and royalties on product sales. In the circumstance where the Company has sold its rights to future milestones and royalties under a license agreement and also maintains limited continuing involvement in the arrangement (but not significant continuing involvement in the generation of the cash flows that are due to the purchaser), the Company defers recognition of the proceeds it receives for the sale of milestone or royalty streams and recognizes such unearned revenue as revenue under units-of-revenue method over the life of the underlying license agreement. Under the units-of-revenue method, amortization for a reporting period is calculated by computing a ratio of the proceeds received from the purchaser to the total payments expected to be made to the purchaser over the term of the agreement, and then applying that ratio to the period’s cash payment.

Estimating the total payments expected to be received by the purchaser over the term of such arrangements requires management to use subjective estimates and assumptions. Changes to the Company’s estimate of the payments expected to be made to the purchaser over the term of such arrangements could have a material effect on the amount of revenues recognized in any particular period.

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Stock-Based Compensation

The Company recognizes compensation expense for all stock-based payment awards made to the Company’s employees, consultants and directors that are expected to vest based on estimated fair values. The valuation of stock option awards is determined at the date of grant using the Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model (the “Black-Scholes Model”). The Black-Scholes Model requires inputs such as the expected term of the option, expected volatility and risk-free interest rate. To establish an estimate of expected term, the Company considers the vesting period and contractual period of the award and its historical experience of stock option exercises, post-vesting cancellations and volatility. The estimate of expected volatility is based on the Company’s historical volatility. The risk-free rate is based on the yield available on United States Treasury zero-coupon issues corresponding to the expected term of the award. The Company records forfeitures when they occur.

The Company records compensation expense for service-based awards over the vesting period of the award on a straight-line basis. For awards with performance-based conditions, the Company records the expense over the remaining service period when management determines that achievement of the milestone is probable. Management evaluates when the achievement of a performance-based condition is probable based on the expected satisfaction of the performance conditions as of the reporting date. The amount of stock-based compensation expense recognized during a period is based on the value of the portion of the awards that are ultimately expected to vest.

The valuation of restricted stock units (“RSUs”) is determined at the date of grant using the Company’s closing stock price.

Equity Securities

Effective January 1, 2018, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-01, Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities. The amendment requires equity investments (except those accounted for under the equity method, those that result in consolidation of the investee and certain other investments) to be measured at fair value with any changes in fair value recognized in net (loss) income. For equity investments that do not have readily determinable fair values and do not qualify for the existing practical expedient in ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements, to estimate fair value using the net asset value per share of the investment, the Company may choose to measure those investments at cost, less any impairment, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment of the same issuer. In February 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) also issued ASU 2018-03, Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities (ASU 2018-03), which made improvements to address certain aspects of recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of financial instruments. ASU 2018-03 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods beginning after June 15, 2018, but may be adopted concurrently with ASU 2016-01. As permitted, the Company adopted ASU 2016-01 and ASU 2018-03 concurrently on January 1, 2018. The adoption had no impact on the condensed consolidated financial statements as the Company did not have any equity investments that existed as of the adoption date.

Subsequent to the adoption date, the Company received shares of common stock from Rezolute (Note 4). Equity investments in Rezolute are classified in the consolidated balance sheets as long-term equity securities. The equity securities are measured at fair value, with changes in fair value recorded in other income (expense), net line item of the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive (loss) income at each reporting period. The Company remeasures its equity investments at each reporting period until such time that the investment is sold or disposed of. If the Company sells an investment, any realized gains and losses on the sale of the securities will be recognized in the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive (loss) income in the period of sale.

Net (Loss) Income per Share Available to Common Stockholders

Basic net (loss) income per share available to common stockholders is based on the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Net (loss) income available to common stockholders consists of net (loss) income, as adjusted for the convertible preferred stock deemed dividends related to the beneficial conversion feature on this instrument at issuance. During periods of income, the Company allocates participating securities a proportional share of net income, after deduction of any deemed dividends on preferred stock, determined by dividing total weighted average participating securities by the sum of the total weighted average number of common stock and participating securities (the “two-class method”). The Company’s convertible preferred stock participates in any dividends declared by the Company on its common stock and are therefore considered to be participating securities.

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During periods of loss, the Company allocates no loss to participating securities because they have no contractual obligation to share in the losses of the Company. Diluted net (loss) income per share available to common stockholders is based on the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period, adjusted to include the assumed conversion of preferred stock, and the exercise of certain stock options, RSUs, and warrants for common stock. The calculation of diluted (loss) income per share available to common stockholders requires that, to the extent the average market price of the underlying shares for the reporting period exceeds the exercise price of any outstanding options, RSUs or warrants and the presumed exercise of such securities are dilutive to earnings (loss) per share available to common stockholders for the period. Adjustments to the denominator are required to reflect the related dilutive shares.

Concentration of Risk

Cash equivalents and receivables are financial instruments which potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk, as well as liquidity risk for certain cash equivalents, such as money market funds. As of September 30, 2018, the Company had no cash equivalents. As of December 31, 2017, cash equivalents consist of money market funds which were held by major financial institutions which management believes are of high credit quality. The Company has not encountered any such liquidity issues during 2018.

The Company has not experienced any significant credit losses and does not generally require collateral on receivables. For the three months ended September 30, 2018, three partners represented 56%, 28% and 14% of total revenues. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, three partners represented 50%, 21% and 17% of total revenues. For the three months ended September 30, 2017, one partner represented 98% of total revenues. For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, one partner represented 96% of total revenues. As of September 30, 2018, three partners represented 43%, 28% and 22% of the trade receivables balance, respectively. As of December 31, 2017, one partner represented 100% of the trade receivables balance.  

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). ASU 2016-02 is aimed at making leasing activities more transparent and comparable, and requires substantially all leases be recognized by lessees on their balance sheet as a right-of-use asset and corresponding lease liability, including leases currently accounted for as operating leases. Early adoption is permitted and must be adopted using a modified retrospective approach. In July 2018, however, the FASB issued ASU 2018-11, Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements, which provides entities with an additional (and optional) transition method which would enable entities to initially apply the new leases standard at the adoption date and recognize a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings/accumulated deficit. This optional transition method is in addition to the modified retrospective transition approach included in ASU 2016-02. The new standard will be effective for the Company on January 1, 2019 and will be adopted by recognizing a cumulative effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings as of that date. The effect of adoption on the Company's financial statements will depend on the leases in effect and the Company's borrowing rates at that time, but based on the Company's existing leases, adoption is expected to result in a significant increase in assets and liabilities on the balance sheet, and no significant change to the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive (loss) income.

In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-07, Compensation- Stock Compensation (Topic 718) “Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting,” which expands the scope of Topic 718 to include all share-based payment transactions for acquiring goods and services from nonemployees. An entity should apply the requirements of Topic 718 to nonemployee awards except for certain exemptions specified in the amendment. ASU 2018-07 is effective for the Company’s interim and annual reporting periods during the year ending December 31, 2019, and all annual and interim reporting periods thereafter. Early adoption is permitted, but no earlier than an entity’s adoption date of Topic 606. The Company elected to early adopt this standard on June 30, 2018. The adoption did not have a material impact on the condensed consolidated financial statements.

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In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820), which modifies, removes and adds certain disclosure requirements on fair value measurements based on the FASB Concepts Statement, Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting—Chapter 8: Notes to Financial Statements. The ASU is effective for the Company’s interim and annual reporting periods during the year ended December 31, 2020, and all annual and interim reporting period thereafter. The amendments on changes in unrealized gains and losses, the range and weighted average of significant unobservable inputs used to develop Level 3 fair value measurements and the narrative description of measurement uncertainty should be applied prospectively for only the most recent interim or annual period presented in the initial fiscal year of adoption. All other amendments should be applied retrospectively to all periods presented upon their effective date. Early adoption is permitted upon issuance of ASU 2018-13. An entity is permitted to early adopt any removed or modified disclosures upon issuance of ASU 2018-13 and delay adoption of the additional disclosures until their effective date. The Company early adopted the guidance related to removal of disclosures upon issuance of this ASU and will delay adoption of additional disclosures as permitted under the ASU. The Company does not believe adoption of the guidance will have a significant impact on its condensed consolidated financial statements.

3. Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements Detail

Cash and Cash Equivalents

As of September 30, 2018, cash and cash equivalents consisted of demand deposits of $28.4 million. As of December 31, 2017, cash and cash equivalents consisted of demand deposits of $34.9 million and money market funds of $8.6 million with maturities of less than 90 days at the date of purchase.

Long-term Equity Securities

As of September 30, 2018, long-term equity securities consisted of an investment in Rezolute’s common stock of $0.3 million (see Note 4). The Company recognized losses of $0.2 million and $0.6 million due to the change in fair value of its investment in Rezolute’s common stock in other income (expense), net line item of the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively.

Property and Equipment, net

During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company completed the sale of equipment and disposal of certain equipment located in one of its leased facilities for total proceeds of $1.6 million. The total carrying value of the equipment sold and disposed of was $0.1 million and $0.5 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively. Accordingly, the Company recorded a loss of $0.1 million and a gain of $1.1 million on the sale and disposal of equipment in the other income (expense), net line of the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively.

Accrued and Other Liabilities  

Accrued and other liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands):

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Net (Loss) Income Per Share Available to Common Stockholders

The following is a reconciliation of the numerator (net income or loss) and the denominator (number of shares) used in the calculation of basic and diluted net (loss) income per share available to common stockholders (in thousands):

Potentially dilutive securities are excluded from the calculation of diluted net (loss) income per share available to common stockholders if their inclusion is anti-dilutive. The following table shows the weighted-average outstanding securities considered anti-dilutive and therefore excluded from the computation of diluted net (loss) income per share available to common stockholders (in thousands):

4. Licensing and Other Arrangements

Novartis – Gevokizumab and IL-1 Beta

On August 24, 2017, the Company and Novartis Pharma AG (“Novartis”) entered into a license agreement (the “XOMA-052 License Agreement”) under which the Company granted to Novartis an exclusive, worldwide, royalty-bearing license to gevokizumab, a novel anti-Interleukin-1 (“IL-1”) beta allosteric monoclonal antibody (the “Antibody”) and related know-how and patents (altogether, the “XOMA IP”). Under the terms of the XOMA-052 License Agreement, Novartis will be solely responsible for the development and commercialization of the Antibody and products containing the Antibody.

On August 24, 2017, pursuant to a separate agreement (the “IL-1 Target License Agreement”), the Company granted to Novartis non-exclusive licenses to its intellectual property covering the use of IL-1 beta targeting antibodies in the treatment and prevention of cardiovascular disease and other diseases and conditions, and an option to obtain an exclusive license (the “Exclusivity Option”) to such intellectual property for the treatment and prevention of cardiovascular disease.

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Under the XOMA-052 License Agreement, the Company received total consideration of $30.0 million for the license and rights granted to Novartis. Of the total consideration, $15.7 million was paid in cash and $14.3 million (equal to €12.0 million) was paid by Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Inc. (“NIBR”), on behalf of the Company, to settle the Company’s outstanding debt with Les Laboratories Servier (“Servier”) (the “Servier Loan”). In addition, NIBR extended the maturity date on the Company’s debt to Novartis. The Company also received $5.0 million cash related to the sale of 539,131 shares of the Company’s common stock, at a purchase price of $9.2742 per share. The fair market value of the common stock issued to Novartis was $4.8 million, based on the closing stock price of $8.93 per share on August 24, 2017, resulting in a $0.2 million premium paid to the Company.

Based on the achievement of pre-specified criteria, the Company is eligible to receive up to $438.0 million in development, regulatory and commercial milestones under the XOMA-052 License Agreement. The Company is also eligible to receive royalties on sales of licensed products, which are tiered based on sales levels and range from the high single digits to mid-teens. Under the IL-1 Target License Agreement, the Company received an upfront cash payment of $10.0 million and is eligible to receive low single-digit royalties on canakinumab sales in cardiovascular indications covered by the Company’s patents. Should Novartis exercise the Exclusivity Option, the royalties on canakinumab sales will increase to the mid-single digits.

Unless terminated earlier, the XOMA-052 License Agreement and IL-1 Target License Agreement will remain in effect, on a country-by-country and product-by-product basis, until Novartis’ royalty obligations end. The two agreements contain customary termination rights relating to material breach by either party. Novartis also has a unilateral right to terminate the XOMA-052 License Agreement on a product-by-product and country-by-country basis or in its entirety on six months’ prior written notice to the Company. Under the IL-1 Target License Agreement, Novartis has a unilateral right to terminate the agreement on a product-by-product and country-by-country basis or in its entirety upon a prior written notice.

The XOMA-052 License Agreement and IL-1 Target License Agreement were accounted for as one arrangement because they were entered into at the same time in contemplation of each other. The Company concluded that there are multiple promised goods and services under the combined arrangement, including the transfer of license to IL-1 beta targeting antibodies, and the transfer of license, know-how, process, materials and inventory related to the gevokizumab antibody, which were determined to represent two distinct performance obligations. The Company determined that the Exclusivity Option is not an option with material right because the upfront payments to the Company were not negotiated to provide an incremental discount for the future additional royalties upon exercise of the Exclusivity Option. Therefore, the Company concluded that the Exclusivity Option is not a performance obligation. The additional royalties will be recognized as revenue when, and if, Novartis exercises its option because the Company has no further performance obligations at that point.

At the inception of the arrangement, the Company determined that the transaction price under the arrangement was $40.2 million, which consisted of the $25.7 million upfront cash payments, the $14.3 million Servier Loan payoff and the $0.2 million premium on the sale of the common stock. The transaction price was allocated to the two performance obligations based on their standalone selling prices. The Company determined that the nature of the two performance obligations is the right to use the licenses as they exist at the point of transfer, which occurred when the transfer of materials, process and know-how, and filings to regulatory authority were completed. During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company recognized the entire transaction price of $40.2 million as revenue upon completion of the delivery of the licenses and related materials, process and know-how and filings to regulatory authority.

The Company concluded that the development and regulatory milestone payments are solely dependent on Novartis’ performance and achievement of specified events. The Company determined that it is not probable that a significant cumulative revenue reversal will not occur in future periods for these future payments. Therefore, the development and regulatory milestones are fully constrained and excluded from the transaction price as of September 30, 2018. Any consideration related to commercial milestones (including royalties) will be recognized when the related sales occur as they were determined to relate predominantly to the licenses granted to Novartis and therefore, have also been excluded from the transaction price. At the end of each reporting period, the Company will update its assessment of whether an estimate of variable consideration is constrained and update the estimated transaction price accordingly.

As of September 30, 2018, and December 31, 2017, there are no contract assets or contract liabilities related to this arrangement. In addition, the Company did not recognize any revenue related to this arrangement during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018.  None of the costs to obtain or fulfill the contract were capitalized.

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Novartis International – Anti-TGFβ Antibody

On September 30, 2015, the Company and Novartis International Pharmaceutical Ltd. (“Novartis International”) entered into a license agreement (the “License Agreement”) under which the Company granted Novartis International an exclusive, world-wide, royalty-bearing license to the Company’s anti-transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) antibody program (now “NIS793”). Under the terms of the License Agreement, Novartis International has worldwide rights to NIS793 and is responsible for the development and commercialization of antibodies and products containing antibodies arising from NIS793.  Unless terminated earlier, the License Agreement will remain in effect, on a country-by-country and product-by-product basis, until Novartis International’s royalty obligations end. The License Agreement contains customary termination rights relating to material breach by either party. Novartis International also has a unilateral right to terminate the License Agreement on an antibody-by-antibody and country-by-country basis or in its entirety on one hundred eighty days’ notice.

The Company concluded that there are multiple promised goods and services under the License Agreement, including the transfer of license, regulatory services and transfer of materials, process and know-how, which were determined to represent one combined performance obligation. The Company recognized the entire upfront payment of $37.0 million as revenue in the consolidated statement of comprehensive loss in 2015 as it had completed its performance obligations as of December 31, 2015.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, Novartis International achieved a clinical development milestone pursuant to the License Agreement and, as a result, the Company earned a $10.0 million milestone payment which was recognized as license fees in the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income. As of September 30, 2018, the Company is eligible to receive up to a total of $470.0 million in development, regulatory and commercial milestones.

The Company concluded that the development and regulatory milestone payments are solely dependent on Novartis’ performance and achievement of the specified events. The Company determined that it is not probable that a significant cumulative revenue reversal will not occur in future periods for these future payments. Therefore, the remaining development and regulatory milestones are fully constrained and excluded from the transaction price as of September 30, 2018. Any consideration related to commercial milestones (including royalties) will be recognized when the related sales occur as they were determined to relate predominantly to the licenses granted to Novartis and therefore, have also been excluded from the transaction price. At the end of each reporting period, the Company will update its assessment of whether an estimate of variable consideration is constrained and update the estimated transaction price accordingly.

The Company is also eligible to receive royalties on sales of licensed products, which are tiered based on sales levels and range from a mid-single digit percentage rate to up to a low double-digit percentage rate. Novartis International’s obligation to pay royalties with respect to a particular product and country will continue for the longer of the date of expiration of the last valid patent claim covering the product in that country, or ten years from the date of the first commercial sale of the product in that country.

As of September 30, 2018, and December 31, 2017, there are no contract assets or contract liabilities related to this arrangement. In addition, the Company did not recognize any revenue related to this arrangement during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018.  None of the costs to obtain or fulfill the contract were capitalized.

Rezolute

On December 6, 2017, the Company entered into a license agreement with Rezolute pursuant to which the Company granted an exclusive global license to Rezolute to develop and commercialize X358 (now “RZ358”) for all indications. The Company and Rezolute also entered into a common stock purchase agreement pursuant to which Rezolute agreed to issue to the Company, as consideration for receiving the license for RZ358, a certain number of its common stock related to its future financing activities.

Under the terms of the license agreement, Rezolute is responsible for all development, regulatory, manufacturing and commercialization activities associated with RZ358 and is required to make certain development, regulatory and commercial milestone payments to the Company of up to $232.0 million in the aggregate based on the achievement of pre-specified criteria. Under the license agreement, the Company is also eligible to receive royalties ranging from the high single digits to the mid-teens based upon annual net sales of any commercial product incorporating RZ358. Rezolute is obligated to take customary steps to advance RZ358, including using diligent efforts to commence the next clinical study for RZ358 by a certain deadline and to meet certain spending requirements on an annual basis for the program until a marketing approval application for RZ358 is accepted by the FDA. Rezolute’s obligation to pay royalties with respect to a particular RZ358 product and country will continue for the longer of the date of expiration of the last valid patent claim covering the product in that country, or twelve years from the date of the first commercial sale of the product in that country. Rezolute has an option through June 1, 2019 to obtain an exclusive license for their choice of one of the Company’s preclinical monoclonal antibody fragments, including X129, in exchange for a $1.0 million upfront option fee and additional clinical, regulatory and commercial milestone payments to the Company of up to $237.0 million in the aggregate based on the achievement of pre-specified criteria as well as royalties ranging from the high single digits to the mid-teens based on annual net sales.

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Pursuant to the license agreement and common stock purchase agreement, the Company is eligible to receive $6.0 million in cash and $12.0 million of Rezolute’s common stock contingent on the completion of Rezolute’s financing activities. Further, in the event that Rezolute does not complete a financing that raises at least $20.0 million in aggregate gross proceeds (“Qualified Financing”) by March 31, 2019 (the “2019 Closing”), the Company will receive an additional number of shares of Rezolute’s common stock equal to $7.0 million divided by the weighted average of the closing bid and ask prices or the average closing prices of Rezolute’s common stock on the ten-day trading period prior to March 31, 2019. Finally, in the event that Rezolute is unable to complete a Qualified Financing by March 31, 2020, the Company is eligible to receive $15.0 million in cash in order to maintain the license. Under the common stock purchase agreement, Rezolute granted the Company the right and option to sell the greater of (i) 5,000,000 shares of common stock or (ii) one third of the aggregate shares held by the Company upon failure by Rezolute to list its shares of its common stock on the Nasdaq Stock Market or a similar national exchange on or prior to December 31, 2018.  

In addition, under the terms of the license agreement, the Company is eligible to receive a low single digit royalty on sales of Rezolute’s other products from its current programs. Rezolute’s obligation to pay royalties with respect to a particular Rezolute product and country will continue for the longer of twelve years from the date of the first commercial sale of the product in that country or for so long as Rezolute or its licensee is selling such product in such country, provided that such royalty will terminate upon the termination of the licensee’s obligation to make payments to Rezolute based on sales of such product in such country.

The license agreement contains customary termination rights relating to material breach by either party. Rezolute also has a unilateral right to terminate the license agreement in its entirety on ninety days’ notice at any time. The Company has the right to terminate the license agreement if Rezolute challenges the licensed patents.

On March 30, 2018, the Company and Rezolute amended the license agreement and common stock purchase agreement. The license agreement was amended to add terms specifying the financial responsibility for certain tasks related to the technology transfer of RZ358 license. The common stock purchase agreement was amended as follows: (1) adjusted the total shares due upon the Initial Closing (as defined in the common stock purchase agreement) from $5.0 million in value to 7,000,000 shares; (2) increased the shares due upon a Qualified Financing from $7.0 million in value to $8.5 million in value; and (3) increased the shares due upon the 2019 Closing from $7.0 million in value to $8.5 million in value. All other terms of the license agreement and common stock purchase agreement remain unchanged.

Under the license agreement and common stock purchase agreement, no consideration was exchanged upon execution of the arrangement. In consideration for receiving the license for RZ358, Rezolute agreed to issue shares of its common stock and pay cash to the Company upon the occurrence of Rezolute’s financing activities and the amounts to be paid will be based on the timing of those activities.

Upon execution of the arrangement, the Company determined that it is not probable that the Company will collect substantially all of the consideration to which it will be entitled in exchange for the goods or services that will be transferred to Rezolute. Therefore, the Company determined that there was no contract on December 6, 2017 under ASC 606.

During the three months ended March 31, 2018, Rezolute completed an Interim Financing Closing as defined in the common stock purchase agreement resulting in consideration due to XOMA consisting of 69,252 shares of Rezolute’s common stock and cash of $50,000. In addition, during the three months ended March 31, 2018, the Company completed the delivery of the license and related materials, product data/filing, process and know-how to Rezolute. However, the Company determined that the achievement of the Interim Financing Closing and related consideration as well as the amendment in March 2018 were not substantive to overcome the collectability criterion required to establish a contract under ASC 606. Thus, there was no contract as of March 31, 2018 and no revenue was recognized during the three months ended March 31, 2018 under the arrangement.  

On April 3, 2018, Rezolute closed a debt financing activity for gross proceeds of $4.0 million, which triggered the Initial Closing defined under the amended common stock purchase agreement between the Company and Rezolute. As such, pursuant to the terms of the amended common stock purchase agreement with Rezolute, the Company received 8,023,758 shares of Rezolute’s common stock and cash of $0.5 million. The cash and share consideration in connection with the Interim Financing Closing during the three months ended March 31, 2018 and Initial Closing as noted above were received in April 2018. Under the amended license agreement, XOMA was also entitled to receive $0.3 million of reimbursable technology transfer expenses from Rezolute. The Company concluded that the payment associated with the Initial Closing represents substantially all consideration for the delivered license and technology to Rezolute. Therefore, the Company determined that a contract exists between Rezolute and XOMA under ASC 606 on April 3, 2018.

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The amended license agreement and amended common stock purchase agreement were accounted for as one arrangement because they were entered into at the same time in contemplation of each other. The Company concluded that there are multiple promised goods and services under the combined arrangement, including the license to RZ358, the transfer of RZ358 materials and product data/filing, and the transfer of process and know-how related to RZ358, which were determined to represent one combined performance obligation. The Company determined that the Additional Product Option is not an option with material right because there was no upfront consideration to the Company that would result to an incremental discount for the future opt in payments. Therefore, the Company concluded that the Additional Product Option is not a performance obligation. The option fee will be recognized as revenue when, and if, Rezolute exercises its option because the Company has no further performance obligations at that point.

On April 3, 2018, the Company determined that the transaction price under the arrangement was $1.8 million, which consisted of the 8,093,010 shares of Rezolute’s common stock valued at $1.0 million, $0.5 million in cash, and reimbursable technology transfer expenses of $0.3 million. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company recognized the entire transaction price of $1.8 million as revenue upon completion of the delivery of the licenses and related materials, product data/filing, process and know-how. The change in fair value of Rezolute’s common stock after the contract inception date was due to the form of the consideration and therefore, not included in the transaction price pursuant to the accounting guidance. The Company accounts for the change in the fair value of its investment in Rezolute’s common stock in other income (expense), net line item of the condensed consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive (loss) income.

The Company concluded that the development and regulatory milestone payments are solely dependent on Rezolute’s performance and achievement of the specified events. The Company determined that it is not probable that a significant cumulative revenue reversal will not occur in future periods for these future payments. Therefore, the development and regulatory milestones are fully constrained and excluded from the transaction price as of September 30, 2018. Any consideration related to commercial milestones (including royalties) will be recognized when the related sales occur as they were determined to relate predominantly to the licenses granted to Rezolute and therefore, have also been excluded from the transaction price. At the end of each reporting period, the Company will update its assessment of whether the estimate of variable consideration is constrained and update the estimated transaction price accordingly.

As of September 30, 2018, the Company has a receivable from Rezolute related to the reimbursable technology transfer expenses of $0.3 million included in trade and other receivables on the condensed consolidated balance sheet. As of September 30, 2018, there was no contract liability related to this arrangement. As of December 31, 2017, there were no contract assets or contract liability related to this arrangement. None of the costs to obtain or fulfill the contract were capitalized.

NIAID

Prior to the sale of the Company’s biodefense business discussed in Note 7, the Company performed services under a $64.8 million multiple-year contract funded with federal funds from NIAID (Contract No. HHSN272200800028C), for development of anti-botulinum antibody product candidates. The contract work was being performed on a cost plus fixed fee basis over a three-year period. The Company recognized revenue under the arrangement as the services were performed on a proportional performance basis. Consistent with the Company’s other contracts with the U.S. government, invoices were provisional until finalized. The Company operated under provisional rates from 2010 through 2014, subject to adjustment based on actual rates upon agreement with the government. In 2014, upon completion of NIAID’s review of hours and external expenses, XOMA agreed to exclude certain hours and external expenses resulting in a $0.4 million receivable and $0.8 million deferred revenue balances. As of December 31, 2017, the Company wrote off the $0.4 million receivable from NIAID as the likelihood of collection is remote. The Company classified $0.8 million as contract liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.

Sale of Future Revenue Streams

On December 21, 2016, the Company entered into two Royalty Interest Acquisition Agreements (together, the “Acquisition Agreements”) with HCRP. Under the first Acquisition Agreement, the Company sold its right to receive milestone payments and royalties on future sales of products subject to a License Agreement, dated August 18, 2005, between XOMA and Wyeth Pharmaceuticals (subsequently acquired by Pfizer, Inc. (“Pfizer”)) for an upfront cash payment of $6.5 million, plus potential additional payments totaling $4.0 million in the event three specified net sales milestones are met in 2017, 2018 and 2019. The 2017 sales milestone was not achieved. The Company remains eligible to receive up to $3.0 million if specified net sales milestones are achieved in 2018 and 2019. Under the second Acquisition Agreement, the Company sold all rights to royalties under an Amended and Restated License Agreement dated October 27, 2006 between XOMA and Dyax Corp. for a cash payment of $11.5 million.

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The Company classified the proceeds received from HCRP as unearned revenue, to be recognized as revenue under units-of-revenue method over the life of the license agreements because of the Company's limited continuing involvement in the Acquisition Agreements. Such limited continuing involvement is related to the Company’s undertaking to cooperate with HCRP in the event of litigation or a dispute related to the license agreements. Because the transaction was structured as a non-cancellable sale, the Company does not have significant continuing involvement in the generation of the cash flows due to HCRP and there are no guaranteed rates of return to HCRP, the Company recorded the total proceeds of $18.0 million as unearned revenue recognized under units-of-revenue method. The Company allocated the total proceeds between the two Acquisition Agreements based on the relative fair value of expected payments to be made to HCRP under the license agreements. The unearned revenue is being recognized as revenue over the life of the underlying license agreements under the "units-of-revenue" method. Under this method, amortization for a reporting period is calculated by computing a ratio of the allocated proceeds received from HCRP to the payments expected to be made by the licensees to HCRP over the term of the Acquisition Agreements, and then applying that ratio to the period’s cash payment. Due to lower than projected product sales, the Company reversed revenue recognized in prior periods under units-of-revenue method under these arrangements by $129,000 during the second quarter 2018. The change in estimate of product sales resulted in net revenue of $96,000 during the nine months ended September 30, 2018. During the three months ended September 30, 2018, the Company recognized $121,000 as revenue under the units-of-revenue method. During the third quarter of 2018, the Shire product underlying the Dyax Corp. license agreement was approved, and we began recognizing revenue under the units-of-revenue method due to sales of the approved product. The Company recognized $0.1 million and $0.3 million as revenue under units-of-revenue method under these arrangements during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively. As of September 30, 2018, the current and non-current portion of the remaining unearned revenue recognized under units-of-revenue method was $1.1 million and $16.5 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2017, the Company classified $0.6 million and $17.1 million as current and non-current unearned revenue recognized under units-of-revenue method, respectively.

5. Agenus Royalty Purchase Agreement

On September 20, 2018, the Company entered into a Royalty Purchase Agreement (the “Royalty Purchase Agreement”) with Agenus, Inc. (“Agenus”). Under the Royalty Purchase Agreement, the Company purchased from Agenus the right to receive 33% of the future royalties on six Incyte immuno-oncology assets, currently in development, due to Agenus from Incyte Europe Sarl (“Incyte”) (net of certain royalties payable by Agenus to a third party) and 10% of all future developmental, regulatory and commercial milestones related to these  assets. However, the Company did not have a right to the expected near-term milestone associated with the entry of INCAGN2390 (anti-TIM-3) into the clinical trials. The future royalties due to Agenus from Incyte are based on low-single to mid-teen digit percentage of applicable net sales. In addition, the Company purchased from Agenus the right to receive 33% of the future royalties on an undisclosed Merck immuno-oncology product currently in clinical development due to Agenus from Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. (“Merck”) and 10% of all future developmental, regulatory and commercial milestones related to this asset. The future royalties due to Agenus from Merck are based on low single digit percentage of applicable net sales. Pursuant to the Royalty Purchase Agreement, the Company’s share in future potential development, regulatory and commercial milestones is up to $59.5 million. There is no limit on the amount of future royalties on sales that the Company may receive under the agreements.

Under the terms of the Royalty Purchase Agreement, the Company paid Agenus $15.0 million. The Company has financed $7.5 million of the purchase price with a term loan under its Loan and Security Agreement with Silicon Valley Bank (“SVB”) (see Note 9).

As of September 30, 2018, the Company recorded $15.0 million as long-term royalty receivables in its condensed consolidated balance sheet. No payments are probable to be received under this agreement in the near term. 

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6. Fair Value Measurements

The Company records its financial assets and liabilities at fair value. The carrying amounts of certain of the Company’s financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, trade receivables and accounts payable, approximate their fair value due to their short maturities. Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The accounting guidance for fair value establishes a framework for measuring fair value and a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used in valuation techniques. The accounting standard describes a fair value hierarchy based on three levels of inputs, of which the first two are considered observable and the last unobservable, that may be used to measure fair value, which are the following:

Level 1 – Observable inputs, such as quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2 – Observable inputs, either directly or indirectly, other than quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities, such as quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

Level 3 – Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities; therefore, requiring an entity to develop its own valuation techniques and assumptions.

The following tables set forth the Company’s fair value hierarchy for its financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as follows (in thousands):

During the nine-month period ended September 30, 2018, there were no transfers between Level 1, Level 2, or Level 3 assets reported at fair value on a recurring basis and the valuation techniques used did not change compared to the Company’s established practice.

The following table provides a summary of changes in the estimated fair value of the Company’s Level 3 financial assets for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 (in thousands):

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The equity securities consisted of an investment in Rezolute’s common stock and are classified as long-term assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2018. The long-term equity securities are revalued each reporting period with changes in fair value recorded in other income (expense), net line item of the condensed consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive (loss) income. The Company and its valuation specialist used a probability-weighted expected return model to measure the fair value of the securities. This valuation methodology is based on unobservable estimates and judgements, and therefore is classified as a Level 3 fair value measurement. Scenarios and probabilities were based on Company management estimates and were incorporated into the determination of the fair value of the equity securities.  

The estimated fair value of the equity securities was calculated based on the following assumptions as of September 30, 2018 and the contract inception date of April 3, 2018:

Changes in any of the assumptions related to the unobservable inputs identified above may change the fair value of the long-term equity securities.

The estimated fair value of the Company’s outstanding long-term debt is estimated using the net present value of the payments, discounted at an interest rate that is consistent with market interest rates, which is a Level 2 input. The carrying amount and the estimated fair value of the Company’s outstanding long-term debt at September 30, 2018, and December 31, 2017, are as follows (in thousands):

7. Dispositions

On November 4, 2015, XOMA and Ology Bioservices entered into an asset purchase agreement under which Ology Bioservices agreed to acquire XOMA’s biodefense business and related assets (including certain contracts with the U.S. government), and to assume certain liabilities of XOMA. As part of the transaction, the parties entered into an intellectual property license agreement (the “Ology Bioservices License Agreement”), under which XOMA agreed to license to Ology Bioservices certain intellectual property rights related to the purchased assets. Under the Ology Bioservices License Agreement, the Company was eligible to receive contingent consideration up to a maximum of $4.5 million in cash and 23,008 shares of common stock of Ology Bioservices, based upon Ology Bioservices achieving certain specified future operational objectives. In addition, the Company is eligible to receive 15% royalties on net sales of any future Ology Bioservices products covered by or involving the related patents or know-how.

In February 2017, the Company executed an Amendment and Restatement to both the asset purchase agreement and Ology Bioservices License Agreement primarily to (i) remove the obligation to issue 23,008 shares of Ology Bioservices under the asset purchase agreement, and (ii) revise the payment schedule related to the timing of the $4.5 million cash payments due to the Company under the Ology Bioservices License Agreement. Of the $4.5 million, $3.0 million was contingent upon Ology Bioservices achieving certain specified future operating objectives. In the first quarter of 2017, the Company became entitled to receive $1.6 million under the agreement that was received in quarterly payments through September 2018. In the third quarter of 2017, Ology Bioservices achieved the specified operating objectives and the Company earned the $3.0 million milestone fee that was received in monthly payments through July 2018. The Company received $0.5 million and $2.5 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, and $0.3 million and $0.7 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively, which was recognized as other income in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive (loss) income.

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8. Restructuring Charges

On December 19, 2016, the Board of Directors approved a restructuring of the Company’s business based on its decision to focus the Company’s efforts on clinical development, with an initial focus on the X358 clinical programs. The restructuring included a reduction-in-force in which the Company terminated 57 employees. In early 2017, the Company further revised its strategy to prioritize out-licensing activities and further curtail research and development spending and terminated five additional employees. Charges related to these initiatives were complete by the end of fiscal 2017.

At June 30, 2018, the Company completely vacated one of its two leased facilities in Berkeley, California and subleased the majority of the leased space to two subtenants. In connection with the sublease agreement executed in April 2018, the Company recognized a loss on the sublease of $0.6 million, which was recorded in the restructuring charges line item of the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive (loss) income (see Note 11). In connection with vacating this space, the Company recorded a discounted lease-related restructuring liability of $0.4 million as of June 30, 2018, which was calculated as the present value of the estimated future facility costs for which the Company would obtain no future economic benefit over the term of the lease, net of estimated future sublease income, and adjusted for the remaining balance of deferred rent of $0.6 million. This resulted in the Company recording a credit to restructuring costs of $0.1 million in its condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive (loss) income. As of September 30, 2018, the Company remeasured the restructuring liability based on changes to the timing and amount of estimated future sublease income, which resulted in the Company recording $0.1 million of additional restructuring costs.  

As of September 30, 2018, the Company completely vacated the other leased facility in Berkeley, California. In connection with vacating this space, the Company recorded a discounted lease-related restructuring liability of $1.0 million as of September 30, 2018, which was calculated as the present value of the estimated future facility costs for which the Company would obtain no future economic benefit over the term of the lease, net of estimated future sublease income, and adjusted for the remaining balance of deferred rent of $0.2 million. This resulted in the Company recording restructuring costs of $0.8 million in its condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive (loss) income for the three months ended September 30, 2018.  

The Company classified the current portion of the combined lease-related liabilities of $1.3 million within accrued and other liabilities and the non-current portion of $0.5 million within other liabilities- non-current in its condensed consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2018.

9. Long-Term Debt

Novartis Note

In May 2005, the Company executed a secured note agreement (the “Note Agreement”) with Novartis, which was due and payable in full in June 2015. Under the Note Agreement, the Company borrowed semi-annually to fund up to 75% of the Company’s research and development and commercialization costs under its collaboration arrangement with Novartis, not to exceed $50.0 million in aggregate principal amount. Interest on the principal amount of the loan accrued at six-month LIBOR plus 2%, which was equal to 4.60% at September 30, 2018 is payable semi-annually in June and December of each year. Additionally, the interest rate resets in June and December of each year. At the Company’s election, the semi-annual interest payments could be added to the outstanding principal amount, in lieu of a cash payment, as long as the aggregate principal amount did not exceed $50.0 million. The Company made this election for all interest payments. Loans under the Note Agreement were secured by the Company’s interest in its collaboration with Novartis, including any payments owed to it thereunder.

On September 30, 2015, concurrent with the execution of a license agreement with Novartis International as discussed in Note 4, XOMA and NIBR, who assumed the rights to the note from Novartis Vaccines Diagnostics, Inc. executed an amendment to the Note Agreement (the “Secured Note Amendment”) under which the parties extended the maturity date of the note from September 30, 2015 to September 30, 2020, and eliminated the mandatory prepayment previously required to be made with certain proceeds of pre-tax profits and royalties. In addition, upon achievement of a specified development and regulatory milestone, the then-outstanding principal amount of the note will be reduced by $7.3 million rather than the Company receiving such amount as a cash payment.

On September 22, 2017, in connection with the XOMA-052 License Agreement with Novartis, the Company and NIBR executed an amendment to the Secured Note Amendment under which the parties further extended the maturity date of the Secured Note Amendment from September 30, 2020 to September 30, 2022.

As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the outstanding principal balance under the Secured Note Amendment was $14.9 million and $14.6 million, respectively, and was included in long-term debt in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.

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Servier Loan Agreement

In December 2010, in connection with the collaboration agreement entered into with Servier, the Company executed a loan agreement with Servier (the “Servier Loan Agreement”), which provided for an advance of €15.0 million (or $19.5 million at the exchange rate on the date of funding). The loan was secured by an interest in XOMA’s intellectual property rights to gevokizumab and its use in indications worldwide, excluding certain rights in the U.S. and Japan. Interest was calculated at a floating rate based on a Euro Inter-Bank Offered Rate (“EURIBOR”) and subjected to a cap.

The Company and Servier executed multiple amendments to the Servier Loan Agreement in 2015 and 2017 primarily to revise the timing of the payments and the maturity date of the loan.  On August 25, 2017, NIBR settled the Servier Loan in cash by paying directly to Servier $14.3 million which represented the outstanding balance of the loan based on a euro to dollar exchange rate of 1.1932. The funds that NIBR paid directly to Servier were a portion of the upfront payment due to XOMA under the XOMA-052 License Agreement (see Note 4). As a result of the debt being fully paid, the intellectual property securing the Servier Loan Agreement was released. A loss on extinguishment of $0.1 million from the payoff of the loan was recognized in the condensed consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income during the three months ended September 30, 2017.  

Hercules Term Loan

On February 27, 2015, the Company entered into a loan and security agreement with Hercules Technology Growth Capital, Inc. (the “Hercules Term Loan”).

On March 21, 2017, the Hercules Term Loan was paid in full and the Company was not required to pay the 1% prepayment charge due pursuant to the terms of the loan. A loss on extinguishment of $0.5 million from the payoff of the Hercules Term Loan was recognized in the condensed consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss during the three months ended March 31, 2017.

In connection with the Hercules Term Loan, the Company issued unregistered warrants that entitle Hercules to purchase up to an aggregate of 9,063 unregistered shares of XOMA common stock at an exercise price equal to $66.20 per share. These warrants were exercisable immediately and have a five-year term expiring in February 2020. The warrants are classified in stockholders’ equity on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. As of September 30, 2018, all of these warrants were outstanding.

Silicon Valley Bank Loan Agreement

On May 7, 2018 (the “Effective Date”), the Company executed a Loan and Security Agreement (the “Loan Agreement”) with SVB. Under the Loan Agreement, upon the Company’s request, SVB may make advances (each, a “Term Loan Advance”) available to the Company up to $20.0 million (the “Term Loan”). The available fund may be increased up to $40.0 million upon the Company’s request and approval by the bank subject to the Company’s compliance with certain internal and credit requirements. The Company may borrow advances under the Term Loan from the Effective Date until the earlier of March 31, 2019 or an event of default (the “Draw Period”). Unless an event of default occurs, the period to draw may be extended to March 31, 2020, if the Company receives $20.0 million in gross cash proceeds from milestone/licensing payments by March 31, 2019. In the event of a default related to the Note Agreement with Novartis, SVB’s obligation to make any credit extensions to the Company under the Loan Agreement will immediately terminate. The interest rate will be calculated at a rate equal to the greater of (i) 4.75%, and (ii) 0.25% plus the prime rate as reported from time to time in The Wall Street Journal.

Payments under the Loan Agreement are interest only until the first anniversary of the funding date of each Term Loan Advance. The interest-only period will be followed by equal monthly payments of principal and interest over 24 months. Each Term Loan Advance will mature at the earlier of (i) the 23 months following the applicable term loan amortization date for each such Term Loan Advance (ii) March 1, 2023, or (iii) 30 days prior to the earliest maturity of any portion of the Company’s loan with Novartis (the “Loan Maturity Date”). After repayment, no Term Loan Advance (or any portion thereof) may be reborrowed.

The entire principal balance, including a final payment fee equal to 8.5% of the principal, will be due and payable on the Loan Maturity Date. If the Company prepays the Term Loan Advance prior to the Loan Maturity Date, it will pay SVB a prepayment premium, based on a prepayment fee equal to 3.00% of the amount prepaid, if the prepayment occurs on or before the first anniversary of the Effective Date, 2.00% of the amount prepaid, if the prepayment occurs after the first anniversary of the Effective Date but prior to the second anniversary of the Effective Date, and 1.00% of the amount prepaid if the prepayment occurs after the second anniversary of the Effective Date. In the event of a default, a default interest rate of an additional 4% may be applied to the outstanding payments due to SVB, and SVB may declare all outstanding obligations immediately due and payable and take such other actions as set forth in the Loan Agreement.

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Under the Loan Agreement, the Company may be obligated to pay a fee equal to 1% of the unused portion of the Term Loan upon the earlier of (i) the termination of the Loan Agreement, or (ii) the Draw Period if the aggregate original principal amount of the Term Loan Advances is less than $5.0 million.  

The Company’s obligations under the Loan Agreement are secured by a security interest in substantially all of its assets, other than its intellectual property. The Loan Agreement includes customary affirmative and restrictive covenants, but does not include any financial maintenance covenants, and also includes standard events of default, including payment defaults.

In connection with the Loan Agreement, the Company issued a warrant to SVB which is exercisable in whole or in part for up to an aggregate of 6,332 shares of common stock with an exercise price of $23.69 per share (the “Warrant”). The Warrant may be exercised on a cashless basis and is exercisable within 10 years from the date of issuance or upon the consummation of certain acquisitions of the Company. The fair value of the Warrant issued to SVB was determined using the Black-Scholes Model and was estimated to be $0.1 million. As of September 30, 2018, the Warrant is outstanding. In addition, the Company incurred debt issuance costs of $0.2 million in connection with the Loan Agreement.

As of September 30, 2018 the Company has borrowed advances of $7.5 million under the Loan Agreement in connection with the Agenus royalty purchase agreement (see Note 5). As of September 30, 2018, $7.2 million has been included in long-term debt in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet, which includes a discount of $0.3 million.

During the three months ended September 30, 2018, the first Term Loan Advance was drawn, and the entire unamortized amount of deferred charges of $0.3 million was reclassified as a discount against the debt and will be amortized to interest expense over the term of the Term Loan Advance using the effective interest method. The Company recorded $11,000 of non-cash interest expense resulting from the amortization of the discount and accretion of the final payment for the three months ended September 30, 2018.

Interest Expense

Amortization of debt issuance costs and discounts are included in interest expense. Interest expense in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive (loss) income relates to the following debt instruments (in thousands):

10. Common Stock Warrants

As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the following common stock warrants were outstanding:

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11. Commitments and Contingencies

Collaborative Agreements, Royalties and Milestone Payments

The Company has committed to make potential future milestone payments to third parties as part of licensing and development programs. Payments under these agreements become due and payable only upon the achievement of certain developmental, regulatory and commercial milestones by the Company’s licensees. Because it is uncertain if and when these milestones will be achieved, such contingencies, aggregating up to $15.5 million (assuming one product per contract meets all milestones events) have not been recorded on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The Company is unable to determine precisely when and if payment obligations under the agreements will become due as these obligations are based on milestone events, the achievement of which is subject to a significant number of risks and uncertainties.

Lease Agreements

The Company leases facilities and office equipment under operating leases expiring on various dates through April 2023. These leases require the Company to pay taxes, insurance, maintenance and minimum lease payments. For each facility lease, the Company has two successive renewal options to extend the lease for five years upon the expiration of the initial lease term.

On November 21, 2017, the Company entered into a non-cancellable sublease agreement for a portion of one of its three leased facilities. The term of the sublease agreement commenced on December 26, 2017. Under the term of the sublease agreement, the Company will receive $5.1 million over the term of the sublease, which ends at the same time as the original lease in April 2023. Under the sublease agreement, the Company’s future sublease income will be equal to the amount required to be paid to the Company’s landlord. In addition, the sublease provides for a tenant improvement allowance of $0.8 million to the subtenant, which was funded by the Company in January 2018. Upon execution of the sublease agreement, the Company recognized a loss on the sublease equal to the tenant improvement allowance. Under the sublease agreement, the sub-lessee executed a standby letter of credit naming the Company as the beneficiary amounting to $1.0 million as security under the sublease in the event of uncured default by the sub-lessee. As of September 30, 2018, the Company has not drawn any funds from the letter of credit as there was no default by the sub-lessee. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company recognized $0.4 million and $1.1 million of sublease income under this agreement, respectively.

On April 14, 2018, the Company entered into a non-cancellable sublease agreement for a portion of one of its three leased facilities. The term of the sublease agreement commenced on May 1, 2018. Under the term of the sublease agreement, the Company will receive $1.1 million over the term of the sublease, which ends at the same time as the original lease in April 2023. Under the sublease agreement, the Company’s future sublease income is less than the amount required to be paid to the Company’s landlord. In addition, the sublease provides for a tenant improvement allowance of $65,000 to the subtenant, and payment of broker commissions of $89,000. Upon execution of the sublease agreement, the Company recognized a loss on the sublease of $0.6 million, which was recorded in the restructuring charges line item of the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 (see Note 8). During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company recognized $0.1 million and $0.2 million of sublease income under this agreement.

12. Stock-based Compensation

The Company grants qualified and non-qualified stock options, RSUs, common stock and other stock-based awards under various plans to directors, officers, employees and other individuals. Stock options are granted at exercise prices of not less than the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant. Additionally, the Company has an Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”) that allows employees to purchase Company shares at a purchase price equal to 85% of the lower of the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the first trading day of the offering period or on the last day of the offering period.

Stock Options

Stock options generally vest monthly over three to four years for employees and one year for directors. Stock options held by employees who qualify for retirement age (defined as employees that are a minimum of 55 years of age and the sum of their age plus years of full-time employment with the Company exceeds 70 years) vest on the earlier of scheduled vest date or the date of retirement.

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The fair value of the stock options granted during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, was estimated based on the following weighted average assumptions:

Stock option activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, was as follows:

As of September 30, 2018, $6.5 million of total unrecognized compensation expense related to stock options is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.9 years.

Performance-Based Stock Options

As of September 30, 2018, the Company had 82,500 shares related to outstanding performance-based stock options with a grant date fair value of $0.4 million that will vest based on the achievement of corporate goals set by the Compensation Committee of the Company’s Board of Directors. Of this amount, options related to 41,250 shares were deemed probable of achievement as of September 30, 2018 and therefore, the related expense is being recognized over the service period. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company recognized stock-based compensation expense of $56,000 and $0.2 million, respectively, related to these stock options. As of September 30, 2018, there was $0.3 million unrecognized compensation costs related to these outstanding performance-based stock options.

In December 2017, the Company granted 130,000 stock options to executives with corporate performance-based vesting conditions. During the three months ended March 31, 2018, the Board of Directors approved a modification of 80,000 of these options from performance-based vesting to service-based vesting. The remaining 50,000 stock options were cancelled in conjunction with an executive’s resignation.

Restricted Stock Units

RSUs generally vest annually over three years for employees and one year for directors. RSUs held by employees who qualify for retirement age (defined as employees that are a minimum of 55 years of age and the sum of their age plus years of full-time employment with the Company exceeds 70 years) vest on the earlier of scheduled vest date or the date of retirement. The valuation of RSUs is determined at the date of grant using the closing stock price.

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RSU activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, is summarized below:

As of September 30, 2018, $3,000 of unrecognized compensation expense related to employee RSUs is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.1 years.

Stock-based Compensation Expense

The following table shows total stock-based compensation expense for stock options, RSUs and ESPP in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive (loss) income (in thousands):

13. Capital Stock

Biotechnology Value Fund Financing

In February 2017, the Company sold 1,200,000 shares of its common stock and 5,003 shares of Series X convertible preferred stock directly to Biotechnology Value Fund, L.P. and certain of its affiliates (“BVF”) in a registered direct offering, for aggregate net cash proceeds of $24.8 million.

BVF purchased the shares of common stock from the Company at a price of $4.03 per share, the closing stock price on the date of purchase. Each share of Series X convertible preferred stock has a stated value of $4,030 per share and is convertible into 1,000 shares of registered common stock based on a conversion price of $4.03 per share of common stock. The total number of shares of common stock issued upon conversion of all issued Series X convertible preferred stock will be 5,003,000 shares. Each share is convertible at the option of the holder at any time, provided that the holder will be prohibited from converting into common stock if, as a result of such conversion, the holder, together with its affiliates, would beneficially own a number of shares above a conversion blocker, which is initially set at 19.99% of the total common stock then issued and outstanding immediately following the conversion of such shares. As of September 30, 2018, BVF owned approximately 17.9% of the Company’s total outstanding shares, and if all of the Series X convertible preferred shares were converted, BVF would own 48.6% of the Company’s total outstanding common shares. As of September 30, 2018, none of the preferred stock has been converted into shares of the Company’s common stock.

The designations, preferences, rights and limitations of the convertible preferred shares are set forth in a Certificate of Designation of Preferences, Rights and Limitations of Series X convertible preferred stock filed with the Delaware Secretary of State. Shares of Series X convertible preferred stock will generally have no voting rights, except as required by law and except that the consent of the holders of the outstanding Series X convertible preferred stock will be required to amend the terms of the Series X preferred stock and to approve certain corporate actions. In the event of the Company’s liquidation, dissolution or winding up, holders of Series X convertible preferred stock will participate, on a pro-rata basis, with any distribution of proceeds to holders of common stock. Holders of Series X convertible preferred stock are entitled to receive dividends on shares of Series X convertible preferred stock equal (on an as if converted to common stock basis) to and in the same form as dividends actually paid on the Company’s common stock or other junior securities.

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The Company evaluated the Series X convertible preferred stock for liability or equity classification under the applicable accounting guidance, and determined that equity treatment was appropriate because the Series X convertible preferred stock did not meet the definition of the liability instruments defined thereunder for convertible instruments. Specifically, the Series X convertible preferred shares are not mandatorily redeemable and do not embody an obligation to buy back the shares outside of the Company’s control in a manner that could require the transfer of assets. Additionally, the Company determined that the Series X convertible preferred stock would be recorded as permanent equity, not temporary equity, based on the relevant guidance given that they are not redeemable for cash or other assets (i) on a fixed or determinable date, (ii) at the option of the holder, and (iii) upon the occurrence of an event that is not solely within control of the Company.

The Company has also evaluated the embedded conversion and redemption features within the Series X convertible preferred stock in accordance with the accounting guidance for derivatives. Based on this assessment, the Company determined that the conversion option is clearly and closely related to the equity host, and thus, bifurcation is not required. The contingent redemption feature was determined to not be clearly and closely related to the equity-like host; however, it met the criteria as a scope exception for derivative accounting. Therefore, the contingent redemption feature was also not bifurcated from the Series X convertible preferred stock.

The fair value of the common stock into which the Series X convertible preferred stock is convertible exceeded the allocated purchase price of the Series X convertible preferred stock by $5.6 million on the date of issuance, as such the Company recorded a deemed dividend. The Company recognized the resulting beneficial conversion feature as a deemed dividend equal to the number of shares of Series X convertible preferred stock sold on February 16, 2017 multiplied by the difference between the fair value of the common stock and the Series X convertible preferred stock effective conversion price per share on that date. The dividend was reflected as a one-time, non-cash, deemed dividend to the holders of Series X convertible preferred stock on the date of issuance, which is the date the stock first became convertible.

ATM Agreement

On November 12, 2015, the Company entered into an At Market Issuance Sales Agreement (the “2015 ATM Agreement”) with Cowen and Company, LLC (“Cowen”), under which the Company may offer and sell from time to time at its sole discretion shares of its common stock through Cowen as its sales agent, in an aggregate amount not to exceed $75 million. Cowen may sell the shares by any method permitted by law deemed to be an “at the market” offering as defined in Rule 415 of the Securities Act, including without limitation sales made directly on The NASDAQ Global Market, and also may sell the shares in privately negotiated transactions, subject to the Company’s prior approval. The Company will pay Cowen a commission equal to 3% of the gross proceeds of the sales price of all shares sold through it as sales agent under the 2015 ATM Agreement. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company sold a total of 67,658 shares of common stock under the 2015 ATM Agreement for aggregate gross proceeds of $2.4 million. Total offering costs of $0.1 million were offset against the proceeds upon the sale of common stock. For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company sold a total of 110,252 shares of common stock under the 2015 ATM Agreement for aggregate gross proceeds of $0.6 million. Total offering costs of $0.2 million were offset against the proceeds upon sale of common stock. The shares subject to 2015 ATM Agreement were registered on the shelf registration statement on Form S-3 that expired in February 2018.

Common Stock Purchase Agreement

In August 2017, in connection with the XOMA-052 License Agreement, the Company and Novartis entered into a Common Stock Purchase Agreement under which Novartis purchased 539,131 shares of the Company’s common stock, at a price per share of $9.2742 for the aggregate purchase price of $5.0 million in cash. The fair market value of the common stock issued to Novartis AG was $4.8 million, based on the closing stock price of $8.93 per share on the effective date of the Common Stock Purchase Agreement, or August 24, 2017. The excess of the purchase price over the fair market value of the common stock represents a premium of $0.2 million which was accounted for as additional consideration to the license agreements (see Note 4 for further discussion). The shares issued to Novartis are unregistered securities and the Company agreed to use commercially reasonable efforts to make and keep public information available and timely file all reports and other documents with the SEC as required of the Company under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.  Under the Common Stock Purchase Agreement, upon a request by Novartis, the Company will use commercially reasonable efforts to register the shares for resale under the Securities Act on a registration statement on Form S-3, to be filed within 60 days of the written request, and will use commercially reasonable efforts to keep such registration statement continuously effective under the Securities Act until the date all of the shares of common stock covered by such registration statement have been sold or can be sold publicly without restriction or limitation under Rule 144.

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14. Income Taxes

No provision was made for federal income tax since the Company has incurred net operating losses during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018. The Company’s provision for income taxes for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 differs from the amounts computed by multiplying the federal statutory rate by income before taxes primary due to a reduction in the valuation allowance and the use of a tax credit carryforward. As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company had a total of $4.5 million of net unrecognized tax benefits, none of which would affect the effective tax rate upon realization.  The Company does not expect its unrecognized tax benefits to change significantly over the next twelve months.

In accordance with SAB 118, the effects of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the “Tax Act”) may be adjusted within a one-year measurement period from the enactment date for items that were previously reported as provisional, or where a provisional estimate could not be made. As described in the footnotes to the Annual Report on Form 10-K, the Company’s accounting for the tax effects of enactment of the Tax Reform Act is being assessed; the Company made a reasonable estimate of the effects on its existing deferred tax balances and valuation allowance. The Company determined that the re-measurement of certain deferred tax assets and liabilities and corresponding valuation allowance was a provisional amount at December 31, 2017. The income tax provision for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 did not reflect any adjustment to the previously assessed Tax Act enactment effect. The Company will continue to assess forthcoming guidance and accounting interpretations on the effects of the Tax Act and expects to complete its analysis within the measurement period in accordance with the SEC guidance.  

15. Subsequent Events

Sublease

In October 2018, the Company entered into a non-cancellable sublease agreement for a portion of one of its three leased facilities. The term of the sublease agreement commenced on October 24, 2018. Under the term of the sublease agreement, the Company will receive $1.7 million over the term of the sublease, which ends at the same time as the original lease in May 2021.

Rights Offering

In November 2018, the Company announced its intent to commence a rights offering pursuant to which the Company would raise up to approximately $20.0 million through the distribution of subscription rights to holders of its common stock and Series X preferred stock. In addition, the Company executed an investment agreement with BVF which has agreed to purchase at a minimum its as-converted pro rata share of the offering amount, and will purchase an amount of securities, up to approximately $20.0 million, that are not subscribed for by the Company’s other stockholders in the rights offering.

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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Forward Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, and the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, which are subject to the “safe harbor” created by those sections. Forward-looking statements are based on our management’s beliefs and assumptions and on information currently available to them. In some cases you can identify forward-looking statements by words such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “could,” “would,” “expects,” “plans,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “projects,” “predicts,” “potential,” “intend” and similar expressions intended to identify forward-looking statements. Examples of these statements include, but are not limited to, statements regarding: our future operating expenses, our future losses, extent to which our issued and pending patents may protect our products and technology, the potential of our existing product candidates to lead to the development of commercial products, our ability to receive potential milestone or royalty payments under license and collaboration agreements and the timing of receipt of those payments, the timing and adequacy of cost-cutting measures, and our ability to defend against claims that have been made in litigation. These statements are based on assumptions that may not prove accurate. Actual results could differ materially from those anticipated due to certain risks inherent in the biotechnology industry and for our licensees engaged in the development of new products in a regulated market. Among other things: our product candidates subject to our out-license agreements are still being developed, and our licensees may require substantial funds to continue development which may not be available; we may not realize the expected benefits of our cost-saving initiatives; we may not be successful in entering into out-license agreements for our product candidates; if our therapeutic product candidates do not receive regulatory approval,  our third-party licensees will not be able to manufacture and market them; products or technologies of other companies may render some or all of our product candidates noncompetitive or obsolete; we do not know whether there will be, or will continue to be, a viable market for the products in which we have an ownership or royalty interest; even once approved, a product may be subject to additional testing or significant marketing restrictions, its approval may be withdrawn or it may be voluntarily taken off the market; we and our licensees are subject to various state and federal healthcare related laws and regulations that may impact the commercialization of our product candidates and could subject us to significant fines and penalties; and certain of our technologies are in-licensed from third parties, so our capabilities using them are restricted and subject to additional risks. These and other risks, including those related to current economic and financial market conditions, are contained principally in Part II, Item 1A of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and our other filings with the SEC. You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which apply only as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. You should read this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q completely and with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from those we expect. Except as required by law, we assume no obligation to update these forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the unaudited financial statements and notes thereto included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and with the audited consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto included as part of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.

Overview

XOMA Corporation (“XOMA”), a Delaware corporation, has a long history of discovering and developing innovative therapeutics derived from its unique platform of antibody technologies. Over our extensive history, we built a portfolio of fully-funded programs by advancing product candidates into the earlier stages of development and then licensing them to licensees who assumed the responsibilities of later stage development, regulatory approval and commercialization. Fully-funded programs are those for which our partners pay the development and commercialization costs. As licensees advance these programs, we are eligible for potential milestone and royalty payments. As part of our royalty aggregator business model, we will continue to expand our portfolio of fully-funded programs by acquiring potential milestone and royalty revenue streams on additional product candidates.

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Recent Business Developments

Rezolute

On April 3, 2018, Rezolute, Inc. (“Rezolute”) closed a debt financing activity for gross proceeds of $4.0 million, which triggered the Initial Closing defined under the amended common stock purchase agreement between us and Rezolute. As such, pursuant to the terms of the amended common stock purchase agreement with Rezolute, we received 8,023,758 shares of Rezolute’s common stock and cash of $0.5 million. In addition, in April 2018, we received from Rezolute the 69,252 shares of common stock and cash of $50,000 in connection with the Interim Financing Closing that occurred during the three months ended March 31, 2018. Under the amended license agreement, we are also entitled to receive $0.3 million of reimbursable technology transfer expenses from Rezolute.

Agenus

On September 20, 2018, we entered into a Royalty Purchase Agreement (the “Royalty Purchase Agreement”) with Agenus, Inc., and certain affiliates (collectively, “Agenus”). Under the Royalty Purchase Agreement, we purchased from Agenus the right to receive 33% of the future royalties due to Agenus from Incyte Europe Sarl (“Incyte”) (net of certain royalties payable by Agenus to a third party) and 10% of all future developmental, regulatory and sales milestones on sales of six Incyte immuno-oncology assets, with the exception of an expected near-term milestone associated with the entry of INCAGN2390 (anti-TIM-3) into the clinical trial. In addition, we purchased from Agenus the right to receive 33% of the future royalties due to Agenus from Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. (“Merck”) and 10% of all future developmental, regulatory and sales milestones on sales of an undisclosed Merck immuno-oncology product currently in clinical development. Pursuant to the Royalty Purchase Agreement, our share in future potential development, regulatory and commercial milestones is up to $59.5 million and the royalties have no limit. Under the terms of the Royalty Purchase Agreement, we paid Agenus $15.0 million. We have financed $7.5 million of the purchase with a term loan under our Loan and Security Agreement with Silicon Valley Bank (“SVB”) dated May 7, 2018.

Silicon Valley Bank Loan Agreement

In May 2018, we executed a Loan and Security Agreement (the “Loan Agreement”) with SVB. Under the Loan Agreement, upon our request, SVB may make advances available to us up to $20.0 million. The available funds may be increased up to $40.0 million upon our request and approval by the bank subject to our compliance of certain internal and credit requirements. As of September 30, 2018, we borrowed $7.5 million under the Loan Agreement.

Certain Factors Important to Understanding Our Financial Condition and Results of Operations

We have historically specialized in the discovery and development of innovative antibody-based therapeutics. In March 2017, we transformed our business model to become a royalty aggregator where we focus on expanding our portfolio of fully-funded programs by out-licensing our internally developed product candidates and acquiring potential milestone and royalty revenue streams on additional product candidates. We combined our royalty aggregator model with a significantly reduced corporate cost structure to further build value for our shareholders. Our long-term prospects depend upon the ability of our partners to successfully commercialize new therapeutics. Our financial performance is driven by many factors and is subject to the risks set forth in Part II, Item 1A - Risk Factors.

Critical Accounting Policies

Critical accounting policies are those that require significant judgment and/or estimates by management at the time that the financial statements are prepared such that materially different results might have been reported if other assumptions had been made. We consider certain accounting policies including, but not limited to, those related to revenue recognition, and stock-based compensation to be critical policies. Except for the adoption of the new revenue recognition standard on January 1, 2018, as described below and in Note 2 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, there have been no significant changes in our critical accounting policies during the nine months ended September 30, 2018, as compared with those previously disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017, filed with the SEC on March 7, 2018.

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Revenue Recognition

Effective January 1, 2018, we adopted Accounting Standards Codification Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers ("ASC 606") using the modified retrospective transition method and applied the standard only to contracts are still active or in place at that date. Also, as permitted, we applied the practical expedient under ASC 606 which permits us to treat all contract modifications that occurred prior to the adoption in aggregate when determining the performance obligations, transaction price and its allocation. Except for the license agreement with Rezolute, Inc. (formerly AntriaBio, Inc.), we did not have any other contracts with customers for which we have not completed our performance obligations, as of the adoption date January 1, 2018. The license agreement with Rezolute was not considered a contract under ASC 606 as it is not probable that the Company will collect substantially all of the consideration to which it will be entitled in exchange for the goods or services that will be transferred to Rezolute and there was no consideration exchanged upon execution of the arrangement or as of January 1, 2018. Thus, we determined that the adoption of ASC 606 did not have a financial impact on our consolidated financial statements. In addition, the adoption of ASC 606 has no material impact for tax purposes.

We have certain license arrangements in the scope of ASC 606. The terms of these agreements may contain multiple performance obligations, which primarily include transfer of our licenses. Prior to recognizing revenue, we make estimates of the transaction price, including variable consideration that is subject to a constraint. Amounts of variable consideration are included in the transaction price to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur and when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is subsequently resolved. Variable consideration may include payments based upon the achievement of specified milestones, and royalty payments based on product sales derived from the license agreements. If there are multiple distinct performance obligations, we allocate the transaction price to each distinct performance obligation based on its relative standalone selling price. All licenses we grant to customers are unique, as each uses a specific technology of XOMA or is geared towards a specific unique product candidate. Thus, there is no observable evidence of standalone selling price for the licenses. The standalone selling price is generally determined using a valuation approach based on discounted cash flow analysis. For licenses that are bundled with other promises, we utilize judgement to assess the nature of the combined performance obligation to determine whether the combined performance obligation is satisfied over time or at a point in time. Under our license agreements, the nature of the combined performance obligation is the granting of licenses to the customers. As such, we recognize revenue related to the combined performance obligation upon transfer of the license to the customers or completion of the transfer of related materials and services (i.e., point in time).

Results of Operations

Revenues

Total revenues for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, were as follows (in thousands):

Revenue from Contracts with Customers

Revenue from contracts with customers includes upfront fees, milestone payments and royalties related to the out-licensing of our product candidates and technologies. The decrease for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, as compared to the same periods of 2017, was primarily due to $35.4 million of license and collaborative fee revenue recognized in connection with the license agreements with Novartis AG during the third quarter of 2017 and $10.0 million in milestone revenue earned under our license agreement with Novartis International Pharmaceutical Ltd. in the second quarter of 2017, partially offset by $1.8 million recognized under our license agreement and common stock purchase agreement with Rezolute recognized during the second quarter of 2018.

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Revenue recognized under units-of-revenue method

Revenues include the amortization of unearned revenue from the sale of royalty interests to HealthCare Royalty Partners II, L.P.  in December 2016. Due to lower than projected sales of Trumenba, we reversed revenue recognized in prior periods under units-of-revenue method under these arrangements by $129,000 during the second quarter 2018. The change in estimate of product sales resulted in net revenue of $96,000 during the nine months ended September 30, 2018. During the three months ended September 30, 2018, we recognized $121,000 as revenue under the units-of-revenue method. During the third quarter of 2018, the Shire product underlying the Dyax Corp. license agreement was approved, and we began recognizing revenue under the units-of-revenue method due to sales of the approved product.

The generation of future revenues related to licenses, milestones, and royalties is dependent on our ability to attract new licensees to our antibody technologies, and the achievement of milestones or product sales by our existing licensees.

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development (“R&D”) expenses were $0.6 million and $1.4 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, compared with $0.3 million and $7.2 million for the same periods in 2017. The increase of $0.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018 compared to the same period in 2017 was due to a one-time adjustment for external manufacturing costs in the third quarter of 2017 of $0.7 million to reverse the cost of a batch of drug material that did not meet quality standards.  This difference was partially offset by decreases in outside consulting fees and the allocation of facilities costs. The decrease in allocation of facilities costs is a result of a decreased proportion of R&D employees as a result of our restructuring activities in December 2016 (the “2016 Restructuring”) and June 2017 (the “2017 Restructuring”).

The overall decrease for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to the same period in 2017 was primarily due to the implementation of our royalty-aggregator business model during the first quarter of 2017, which included the cessation of substantially all development activities. The decrease of $5.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, as compared to the same period of 2017, was primarily due to decreases of $1.9 million in clinical trial costs, $1.3 million in consulting costs, $1.1 million in the allocation of facilities costs, $0.5 million in stock-based compensation, and $0.4 million in salaries and related expenses.

We expect our R&D spending during the remainder of 2018 will be reduced as compared with 2017 levels due to the implementation of our royalty aggregator business model and related discontinuation of clinical trial activities.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative (“G&A”) expenses include salaries and related personnel costs, facilities costs and professional fees. G&A expenses were $4.7 million and $14.2 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, compared with $7.3 million and $17.6 million for the same periods in 2017. The decrease of $2.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018, as compared to the same period of 2017, was due primarily to decreases of $1.1 million in consulting services, $1.2 million in stock-based compensation, and $0.1 million in legal and accounting fees. The decrease of $3.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, as compared to the same period of 2017, was primarily due to decreases of $1.4 million in stock-based compensation, $0.5 million in legal and accounting fees, $1.8 million in consulting services, and $0.4 million in information technology costs, partially offset by an increase of $1.1 million in the allocation of facilities costs due to a greater proportion of G&A personnel compared to R&D personnel after our restructuring activities.  

We expect our personnel related and facilities costs during the remainder of 2018 to decrease as compared with 2017 levels due to our restructuring activities in 2016 and 2017. To support our royalty aggregator business model, we engage third parties to assist in our evaluation of potential acquisitions of milestone and royalty streams. While we expect our personnel related costs to decrease as compared with 2017, consulting expenses may increase in response to an increase in the volume of acquisition targets evaluated or completed.

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Restructuring Charges

On December 21, 2016, we announced a restructuring of our business based on our decision to focus our efforts on clinical development, with an initial focus on the X358 clinical programs. The restructuring included a reduction-in-force in which we terminated 57 employees, which was implemented in December 2016. In early 2017, we further revised our strategy to prioritize out-licensing activities and further curtail research and development spending and we eliminated an additional five employees with an effective termination date of June 30, 2017. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, we recorded a credit of $29,000 and a charge of $3.5 million, respectively, related to severance, other termination benefits and outplacement services for the 2016 Restructuring and 2017 Restructuring activities. There were no such charges during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, we completely vacated both of our leased facilities in Berkeley, California and met the criteria of a cease-use date. We recorded a lease-related restructuring liability of $1.4 million as of September 30, 2018, which was adjusted for the remaining balance of deferred rent of $0.7 million. This resulted in us recording lease-related restructuring charges of $0.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. In addition, in connection with the sublease agreement executed in April 2018, we recognized a loss on the sublease of $0.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018.   

Other Income (Expense)

Interest Expense

Amortization of debt issuance costs and discounts are included in interest expense. Interest expense is shown below for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 (in thousands):

The decrease in interest expense compared with 2017 is primarily due to the March 2017 payoff of the Hercules loan and August 2017 payoff of the Servier Loan. On May 7, 2018, we executed a loan agreement with SVB and on September 21, 2018 we borrowed advances of $7.5 million. We expect our interest expense to increase for the remainder of 2018 if we choose to access additional funds.

Other Income (Expense), Net

The following table shows the activity in other income (expense), net for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 (in thousands):

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During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, we received long-term equity securities which consisted of an investment in Rezolute’s common stock. As of September 30, 2018, the fair value of the long-term equity securities decreased and we recognized a loss of $0.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The income under the agreement with Ology Bioservices was due to payments we received from Ology Bioservices during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 related to the disposition of our biodefense business in March 2016 and no further payments are due. The loss of $0.1 million and the gain of $1.1 million on the sale of equipment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 is related to the sale and disposal of equipment located in one of our leased facilities.

Loss on Extinguishment of Debt

In March 2017, we paid off our outstanding principal balance, final payment fee and accrued interest totaling $6.5 million under our loan and security agreement with Hercules, and we were not required to pay the 1% prepayment charge pursuant to the terms of the loan. We recognized a loss on extinguishment of $0.5 million from the payoff of the term loan.

Provision for Income Taxes

No provision was made for federal income tax since we have incurred net operating losses during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018. Our provision for income taxes for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 differs from the amounts computed by multiplying the federal statutory rate by income before taxes primary due to a reduction in the valuation allowance and the use of a tax credit carryforward. As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, we had a total of $4.5 million of net unrecognized tax benefits, none of which would affect the effective tax rate upon realization.  We do not expect our unrecognized tax benefits to change significantly over the next twelve months.

In accordance with SAB 118, the effects of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the “Tax Act”) may be adjusted within a one-year measurement period from the enactment date for items that were previously reported as provisional, or where a provisional estimate could not be made. As described in the footnotes to our Annual Report on Form 10-K, the accounting for the tax effects of enactment of the Tax Reform Act is being assessed; we made a reasonable estimate of the effects on our existing deferred tax balances and valuation allowance. We determined that the re-measurement of certain deferred tax assets and liabilities and corresponding valuation allowance was a provisional amount at December 31, 2017. Our income tax provision for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 did not reflect any adjustment to the previously assessed Tax Act enactment effect. We will continue to assess forthcoming guidance and accounting interpretations on the effects of the Tax Act and expect to complete our analysis within the measurement period in accordance with the SEC guidance.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

The following table summarizes our cash and cash equivalents, our working capital and our cash flow activities for each of the periods presented (in thousands):

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Cash (Used in) Provided by Operating Activities

Net cash used in operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 of $9.9 million was primarily due to the $10.3 million net loss incurred.

Net cash provided by operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 was primarily due to the $25.7 million cash receipts under the license agreements executed with Novartis AG in August 2017.

Cash (Used in) Provided by Investing Activities

Net cash used in investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 of $15.0 million was due to the purchase of milestone and royalty rights of $15.0 million in connection with the Agenus Royalty Purchase Agreement executed in September 2018.

Net cash provided by investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 of $1.6 million was due to the proceeds from the sale and disposal of equipment.

Cash Provided by Financing Activities

Net cash provided by financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 of $9.9 million was primarily related to proceeds received under the SVB loan agreement of $7.5 million and the sale of common stock for net proceeds of $2.3 million.

Net cash provided by financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 of $12.3 million was primarily related to the sale of preferred stock and common stock to BVF for total net proceeds of $24.9 million and the sale of common stock to Novartis AG for gross proceeds of $5.0 million. This increase was partially offset by the payoff of our outstanding loan with Hercules of $17.5 million.

SVB Loan Agreement

On May 7, 2018 (the “Effective Date”), we executed the Loan Agreement with SVB. Under the Loan Agreement, upon our request, SVB may make advances (each, a “Term Loan Advance”) available to us up to $20.0 million (the “Term Loan”). The available fund may be increased up to $40.0 million upon our request and approval by the bank subject to our compliance of certain internal and credit requirements. We may borrow advances under the Term Loan until the earlier of March 31, 2019 or an event of default (the “Draw Period”). Unless an event of default occurs, the period to draw may be extended to March 31, 2020, if we receive $20.0 million in gross cash proceeds from milestone/licensing payments by March 31, 2019. In the event of a default related to our note agreement with Novartis Pharma AG (“Novartis”), SVB’s obligation to make any credit extensions to us under the Loan Agreement will immediately terminate. As of September 30, 2018, we have borrowed advances of $7.5 million under the Loan Agreement. The interest rate will be calculated at a rate equal to the greater of (i) 4.75%, and (ii) 0.25% plus the prime rate as reported from time to time in The Wall Street Journal.

Payments under the Loan Agreement are interest only until the first anniversary of the funding date of each Term Loan Advance. The interest-only period will be followed by equal monthly payments of principal and interest over 24 months. Each Term Loan Advance will mature at the earlier of (i) the 23 months following the applicable term loan amortization date for each such Term Loan Advance (ii) March 1, 2023, or (iii) 30 days prior to the earliest maturity of any portion of our loan with Novartis (the “Loan Maturity Date”). After repayment, no Term Loan Advance (or any portion thereof) may be reborrowed.

The entire principal balance, including a final payment equal to 8.5% of the principal, will be due and payable on the Loan Maturity Date. If we prepay the Term Loan Advance prior to the Loan Maturity Date, we will pay SVB a prepayment premium, based on a prepayment fee equal to 3.00% of the amount prepaid, if the prepayment occurs on or before the first anniversary of the Effective Date, 2.00% of the amount prepaid, if the prepayment occurs after the first anniversary of the Effective Date but prior to the second anniversary of the Effective Date, and 1.00% of the amount prepaid if the prepayment occurs after the second anniversary of the Effective Date. In the event of a default, a default interest rate of an additional 4% may be applied to the outstanding payments due to SVB, and SVB may declare all outstanding obligations immediately due and payable and take such other actions as set forth in the Loan Agreement.

Under the Loan Agreement, we may be obligated to pay a fee equal to 1% of the unused portion of the Term Loan upon the earlier of (i) the termination of the Loan Agreement, or (ii) the Draw Period if the aggregate original principal amount of the Term Loan Advances is less than $5.0 million.

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We have incurred significant operating losses since our inception and have an accumulated deficit of $1.2 billion as of September 30, 2018. As of September 30, 2018, we had $28.4 million in cash, which will enable us to maintain our operations for a period of at least 12 months following the filing date of this report.

Our ability to raise additional capital in the equity and debt markets, should we choose to do so, is dependent on a number of factors, including the market demand for our common stock or debt, which itself is subject to a number of pharmaceutical development and business risks and uncertainties, as well as the uncertainty that we would be able to raise such additional capital at a price or on terms that are favorable to us.

Changes in Contractual Obligations

Our future contractual obligations were reported in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017, as filed with the SEC. There have been no material changes from the contractual obligations previously disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.