9. Long-Term Debt

Silicon Valley Bank Loan Agreement

On May 7, 2018 (the “Effective Date”), the Company executed a Loan and Security Agreement (the “Loan Agreement”) with SVB. Under the Loan Agreement, upon the Company’s request, SVB may make advances (each, a “Term Loan Advance”) available to the Company up to $20.0 million (the “Term Loan”). The available fund may be increased up to $40.0 million upon the Company’s request and approval by the bank subject to the Company’s compliance with certain internal and credit requirements. The Company was allowed to borrow advances under the Term Loan from the Effective Date until the earlier of March 31, 2019 or an event of default (the “Draw Period”). In the event of a default related to the Note Agreement with Novartis, SVB’s obligation to make any credit extensions to the Company under the Loan Agreement will immediately terminate. The interest rate will be calculated at a rate equal to the greater of (i) 4.75%, and (ii) 0.25% plus the prime rate as reported from time to time in The Wall Street Journal.

Payments under the Loan Agreement are interest only until the first anniversary of the funding date of each Term Loan Advance. The interest-only period will be followed by equal monthly payments of principal and interest over 24 months. Each Term Loan Advance will mature at the earlier of (i) the 23 months following the applicable term loan amortization date for each such Term Loan Advance (ii) March 1, 2023, or (iii) 30 days prior to the earliest maturity of any portion of the Company’s loan with Novartis (the “Loan Maturity Date”). After repayment, no Term Loan Advance (or any portion thereof) may be reborrowed.

The entire principal balance, including a final payment fee equal to 8.5% of the principal, will be due and payable on the Loan Maturity Date. If the Company prepays the Term Loan Advance prior to the Loan Maturity Date, it will pay SVB a prepayment premium, based on a prepayment fee equal to 3.00% of the amount prepaid, if the prepayment occurs on or before the first anniversary of the Effective Date, 2.00% of the amount prepaid, if the prepayment occurs after the first anniversary of the Effective Date but prior to the second anniversary of the Effective Date, and 1.00% of the amount prepaid if the prepayment occurs after the second anniversary of the Effective Date. In the event of a default, a default interest rate of an additional 4.00% may be applied to the outstanding payments due to SVB, and SVB may declare all outstanding obligations immediately due and payable and take such other actions as set forth in the Loan Agreement.

The Company’s obligations under the Loan Agreement are secured by a security interest in substantially all of its assets, other than its intellectual property. The Loan Agreement includes customary affirmative and restrictive covenants, but does not include any financial maintenance covenants, and also includes standard events of default, including payment defaults.

In connection with the Loan Agreement, the Company issued a warrant to SVB which is exercisable in whole or in part for up to an aggregate of 6,332 shares of common stock with an exercise price of $23.69 per share. The fair value of the warrant issued to SVB was determined using the Black-Scholes Model and was estimated to be $0.1 million. In addition, the Company incurred debt issuance costs of $0.2 million in connection with the Loan Agreement.

On March 4, 2019, the Loan Agreement was amended to extend the Draw Period from March 31, 2019 to March 31, 2020. In connection with the amendment, the Company issued a second warrant to SVB which is exercisable in whole or in part for up to an aggregate of 4,845 shares of common stock with an exercise price of $14.71 per share. The fair value of the second warrant issued to SVB was determined using the Black-Scholes Model and was estimated to be $0.1 million.

As of September 30, 2019, both warrants are outstanding. In addition, both warrants may be exercised on a cashless basis and are exercisable within 10 years from the date of issuance or upon the consummation of certain acquisitions of the Company.

In September 2018, the Company borrowed advances of $7.5 million under the Loan Agreement in connection with the Agenus Royalty Purchase Agreement (see Note 5). The Company recorded a discount of $0.3 million against the debt, which is being amortized to interest expense over the term of the Term Loan Advance using the effective interest method.   

During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company borrowed advances totaling $9.5 million under the Loan Agreement in connection with the Aronora Royalty Purchase Agreement, Palo Royalty Purchase Agreement and payment of the Aronora Contingent Consideration (see Note 5). The Company recorded a discount of $45,000 against the debt, which is being amortized to interest expense over the term of the Term Loan Advance using the effective interest method.

The Company recorded $0.2 million and $0.4 million of non-cash interest expense resulting from the amortization of the discount and accretion of the final payment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively. The Company recorded $11,000 of non-cash interest expense resulting from the amortization of the discount and accretion of the final payment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018.

As of September 30, 2019, the carrying value of the debt under the Loan Agreement was $17.1 million. Of this amount, $4.0 million is classified as current portion of long-term debt and $13.1 million is classified as long-term debt on the condensed consolidated balance sheet. As of December 31, 2018, the carrying value of the debt under the Loan Agreement was $7.3 million. Of this amount, $0.8 million was classified as current portion of long-term debt and $6.5 million was classified as long-term debt on the consolidated balance sheet.

Novartis Note

In May 2005, the Company executed a secured note agreement (the “Note Agreement”) with Novartis. Under the Note Agreement, the Company borrowed semi-annually to fund up to 75% of the Company’s research and development and commercialization costs under its collaboration arrangement with Novartis, not to exceed $50.0 million in aggregate principal amount. Interest on the principal amount of the loan accrued at six-month LIBOR plus 2%, which was equal to 4.22% at September 30, 2019 is payable semi-annually in June and December of each year. Additionally, the interest rate resets in June and December of each year. At the Company’s election, the semi-annual interest payments could be added to the outstanding principal amount, in lieu of a cash payment, as long as the aggregate principal amount did not exceed $50.0 million. The Company made this election for all interest payments. Loans under the Note Agreement were secured by the Company’s interest in its collaboration with Novartis, including any payments owed to it thereunder.

On September 30, 2015, concurrent with the execution of a license agreement with Novartis International as discussed in Note 4, XOMA and NIBR, who assumed the rights to the note from Novartis Vaccines Diagnostics, Inc. executed an amendment to the Note Agreement (the “Secured Note Amendment”) to extend the maturity date of the note from September 30, 2015 to September 30, 2020, and to eliminate the mandatory prepayment previously required to be made with certain proceeds of pre-tax profits and royalties. In addition, upon achievement of a specified development and regulatory milestone, the then-outstanding principal amount of the note will be reduced by $7.3 million rather than the Company receiving such amount as a cash payment.

On September 22, 2017, in connection with the XOMA-052 License Agreement with Novartis, the Company and NIBR executed an amendment to the Secured Note Amendment to further extend the maturity date of the Secured Note Amendment from September 30, 2020 to September 30, 2022.  

As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the outstanding principal balance under the Secured Note Amendment was $15.6 million and $15.2 million, respectively, and was included in long-term debt in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Payments of Long-Term Debt

Aggregate future principal, final payment fees and discounts of the Company’s long-term debt as of September 30, 2019, are as follows (in thousands):

Interest Expense

Amortization of debt issuance costs and discounts are included in interest expense. Interest expense in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) relates to the following debt instruments (in thousands):