8. Long-Term Debt and Other Financings

Silicon Valley Bank Loan Agreement

On May 7, 2018 (the “Effective Date”), the Company executed a Loan and Security Agreement (the “Loan Agreement”) with SVB. Under the Loan Agreement, upon the Company’s request, SVB made advances (each, a “Term Loan Advance”) available to the Company up to $20.0 million (the “Term Loan”). The Company was allowed to borrow advances under the Term Loan from the Effective Date until the earlier of March 31, 2019 or an event of default (the “Draw Period”). The interest rate was calculated at a rate equal to the greater of (i) 4.75%, or (ii) 0.25% plus the prime rate as reported from time to time in The Wall Street Journal.

Payments under the Loan Agreement were interest only until the first anniversary of the funding date of each Term Loan Advance. The interest-only period was followed by equal monthly payments of principal and interest over 24 months. Each Term Loan Advance was scheduled to mature at the earlier of (i) the 23 months following the applicable term loan amortization date for each such Term Loan Advance (ii) March 1, 2023, or (iii) 30 days prior to the earliest maturity of any portion of the Company’s loan with Novartis (the “Loan Maturity Date”). After repayment, no Term Loan Advance (or any portion thereof) may be reborrowed. The entire principal balance, including a final payment fee equal to 8.5% of the original principal, was due and payable on the Loan Maturity Date.

In June 2021, the Company repaid its principal balance of $6.5 million and paid the 8.5% final payment fee of $1.4 million to SVB. The Company also paid SVB a prepayment fee of 1% of the outstanding principal balance.

In connection with the Loan Agreement, the Company issued a warrant to SVB which is exercisable in whole or in part for up to an aggregate of 6,332 shares of common stock with an exercise price of $23.69 per share (the “Warrant”). The Warrant may be exercised on a cashless basis and is exercisable within 10 years from the date of issuance or upon the consummation of certain acquisitions of the Company. The fair value of the Warrant issued to SVB was determined using the Black-Scholes Model and was estimated to be $0.1 million. In addition, the Company incurred debt issuance costs of $0.2 million in connection with the Loan Agreement.

On March 4, 2019, the Loan Agreement was amended to extend the Draw Period from March 31, 2019 to March 31, 2020. In connection with the amendment, the Company issued a second warrant to SVB which is exercisable in whole or in part for up to an aggregate of 4,845 shares of common stock with an exercise price of $14.71 per share. The fair value of the second warrant issued to SVB was determined using the Black-Scholes Model and was estimated to be $0.1 million. The Draw Period has not been extended further.

As of September 30, 2021, both warrants are outstanding. In addition, both warrants may be exercised on a cashless basis and are exercisable within 10 years from the date of issuance or upon the consummation of certain acquisitions of the Company.

In September 2018, the Company borrowed advances of $7.5 million under the Loan Agreement in connection with the Agenus Royalty Purchase Agreement (Note 5). The Company recorded a discount of $0.3 million against the debt, which was being amortized to interest expense over the term of the Term Loan Advance using the effective interest method.

During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company borrowed advances totaling $9.5 million under the Loan Agreement in connection with the Aronora Royalty Purchase Agreement, Palo Royalty Purchase Agreement and payment of the Aronora Contingent Consideration (Note 5). The Company recorded a discount of $45,000 against the debt, which was being amortized to interest expense over the term of the Term Loan Advance using the effective interest method.

The Company recorded $0.2 million of non-cash interest expense resulting from the amortization of the discount and accretion of the final payment before the loan was extinguished in June 2021. The Company recorded $0.2 million and $0.5 million of non-cash interest expense resulting from the amortization of the discount and accretion of the final payment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively. 

As of December 31, 2020, the carrying value of the debt under the Loan Agreement was $11.8 million. Of this amount, $8.1 million was classified as current portion of long-term debt and $3.7 million was classified as long-term debt on the condensed consolidated balance sheet. In June 2021, the Company paid off its entire outstanding principal balance to SVB. Upon repayment of the principal balance, the Company recognized a loss on extinguishment of $0.3 million in other (expense) income, net of the condensed consolidated statement of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. As of September 30, 2021, there was no carrying value of the debt under the Loan Agreement.

Novartis Note

In May 2005, the Company executed a secured note agreement (the “Note Agreement”) with Novartis, which was due and payable in full in June 2015. Under the Note Agreement, the Company borrowed semi-annually to fund up to 75% of the Company’s research and development and commercialization costs under its collaboration arrangement with Novartis, not to exceed $50.0 million in aggregate principal amount. Interest on the principal amount of the loan accrued at six-month LIBOR plus 2% and the interest rate reset in June and December annually. Accrued interest was payable semi-annually in June and December of each year or, at the Company’s election, the semi-annual interest payments could be added to the outstanding principal amount, in lieu of a cash payment, as long as the aggregate principal amount did not exceed $50.0 million. The Company made this election for all interest payments. Loans under the Note Agreement were secured by the Company’s interest in its collaboration with Novartis, including any payments owed to it thereunder. In June 2021, the Company repaid its outstanding principal balance to Novartis of $9.1 million and extinguished its debt obligation.

On September 30, 2015, concurrent with the execution of a license agreement with Novartis International as discussed in Note 4, XOMA and NIBR, who assumed the rights to the note from Novartis Vaccines Diagnostics, Inc. executed an amendment to the Note Agreement (the “Secured Note Amendment”) under which the parties extended the maturity date of the note from September 30, 2015 to September 30, 2020, and eliminated the mandatory prepayment previously required to be made with certain proceeds of pre-tax profits and royalties. In addition, upon achievement of a specified development and regulatory milestone, the then-outstanding principal amount of the note was to be reduced by $7.3 million rather than the Company receiving such amount as a cash payment.

On September 22, 2017, in connection with the Gevokizumab License Agreement with Novartis, the Company and NIBR executed an amendment to the Secured Note Amendment under which the parties further extended the maturity date of the Secured Note Amendment from September 30, 2020 to September 30, 2022.

On October 21, 2020, the first patient was dosed in Novartis International’s NIS793 Phase 2 clinical trial and the Company earned a $25.0 million milestone pursuant to the Anti-TGFβ Antibody License Agreement, of which $17.7 million was received in cash and $7.3 million was recognized as a reduction to the debt obligation to Novartis.

As of December 31, 2020, the outstanding principal balance under the Secured Note Amendment was $9.1 million and was included in long-term debt in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet. In June 2021, the Company repaid its entire outstanding debt balance to Novartis. The repayment of principal did not result in any gain or loss on extinguishment. As of September 30, 2021, there was no carrying value of the debt under the Secured Note Agreement.

Interest Expense

Amortization of debt issuance costs and discounts are included in interest expense. Interest expense in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss relates to the following debt instruments (in thousands):

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