5. Royalty and Commercial Payment Purchase Agreements

The balance of short-term royalty and commercial payment receivables was $2.4 million as of December 31, 2022. There was no balance of short-term royalty and commercial payment receivables as of December 31, 2021. The balance of long-term royalty and commercial payment receivables was $63.7 million and $69.1 million as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Agenus Royalty Purchase Agreement

On September 20, 2018, the Company entered into the Agenus RPA, pursuant to which the Company acquired the right to receive 33% of the future royalties on six Incyte Europe S.a.r.l. (“Incyte”) immuno-oncology assets, currently in development, due to Agenus from Incyte (net of certain royalties payable by Agenus to a third party) and 10% of all future developmental, regulatory and commercial milestones related to these assets. However, the Company did not have a right to the expected near-term milestone associated with the entry of INCAGN2390 (anti-TIM-3) into its Phase 1 clinical trial. The future royalties due to Agenus from Incyte are based on low single to mid teen digit percentage of applicable net sales.

In addition, the Company acquired the right to receive 33% of the future royalties on MK-4830, an immuno-oncology product currently in clinical development, due to Agenus from Merck and 10% of all future developmental, regulatory and commercial milestones related to this asset. The future royalties due to Agenus from Merck are based on low single-digit percentage of applicable net sales. Pursuant to the Agenus RPA, the Company’s share in future potential development, regulatory and commercial milestones is up to $59.5 million. There is no limit on the amount of future royalties on sales that the Company may receive under the agreements.

Under the terms of the Agenus RPA, the Company paid Agenus $15.0 million. At the inception of the agreement, the Company recorded $15.0 million as long-term royalty receivables in the consolidated balance sheets.

In November 2020, MK-4830 advanced into Phase 2 development, and Agenus earned a $10.0 million clinical development milestone under its license agreement with Merck, of which the Company earned $1.0 million. In accordance with the cost recovery method, the $1.0 million milestone received was recorded as a direct reduction of the recorded long-term royalty receivable balance.

The Company continues to assess that no further payments are probable to be received under this agreement in the near term. Under the cost recovery method, the Company does not expect to recognize any income related to milestones and royalties received until the purchase price has been fully collected. The Company performed its impairment assessments and no impairment indicators have been identified. Accordingly, no impairment was recorded as of December 31, 2022.

Bioasis Royalty Purchase Agreement

On February 25, 2019, the Company entered into the Bioasis RPA, pursuant to which the Company acquired potential future milestone and royalty rights from Bioasis for product candidates that are being developed pursuant to a license agreement between Bioasis and Prothena Biosciences Limited. In addition, the Company was granted options to purchase a 1% royalty right on the next two license agreements entered into between Bioasis and third-party licensees subject to certain payments and conditions as well as a right of first negotiation on the purchase of royalty rights on subsequent Bioasis license agreements with third parties. Upon exercise of the option related to the second license agreement executed by Bioasis, the Company may be obligated to pay up to $0.3 million per licensed product. Upon exercise of the option related to the third license agreement executed by Bioasis, the Company may be obligated to pay up to $0.4 million per licensed product.

Under the terms of the Bioasis RPA, the Company paid $0.3 million and will make contingent future cash payments of up to $0.2 million to Bioasis as the licensed product candidates reach certain development milestones (the “Bioasis Contingent Consideration”).

At the inception of the agreement, the Company recorded $0.4 million as long-term royalty receivables in its consolidated balance sheet, including the estimated fair value of the Bioasis Contingent Consideration of $0.1 million. Future changes in the estimated fair value of the contingent consideration will be recognized in the other income (expense), net line item of the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive (loss) income. As of December 31, 2022, there was no change in the fair value of the contingent consideration from its initial value and no amounts were paid during the year ended December 31, 2022. The Company continues to assess that no payments are probable to be received under this agreement in the near term. Under the cost recovery method, the Company does not expect to recognize any income related to milestones and royalties received until the purchase price has been fully collected. The Company performed its quarterly impairment assessment and no impairment indicators were identified. Accordingly, no impairment was recorded as of December 31, 2022.

On November 2, 2020, the Company entered into the Second Bioasis RPA, pursuant to which the Company acquired potential future milestone and other payments, and royalty rights from Bioasis for product candidates that are being developed pursuant to a research collaboration and license agreement between Bioasis and Chiesi. The Company paid Bioasis $1.2 million upon closing of the Second Bioasis RPA for the purchased rights.

At the inception of the Second Bioasis RPA, the Company recorded $1.2 million as long-term royalty receivables in its consolidated balance sheet. The Company continues to assess that no payments are probable to be received under the Second Bioasis RPA in the near term. Under the cost recovery method, the Company does not expect to recognize any income related to milestones and other payments until the purchase price has been fully collected. The Company performed its quarterly impairment assessment and no impairment indicators were identified. Accordingly, no impairment was recorded as of December 31, 2022.

Aronora Royalty Purchase Agreement

On April 7, 2019, the Company entered into the Aronora RPA which closed on June 26, 2019. Under the Aronora RPA, the Company acquired the right to receive future royalties and a portion of upfront, milestone, and option payments (the “Non-Royalties”) related to five anti-thrombotic hematology drug candidates. Three candidates were subject to Aronora’s collaboration with Bayer (the “Bayer Products”), including one which was subject to an exclusive license option by Bayer. The Company will receive 100% of future royalties and 10% of future Non-Royalties economics from these Bayer Products. The other two candidates are unpartnered (the “non-Bayer Products”) for which the Company will receive low single-digit percentage of net sales and 10% of Non-Royalties. The future payment percentage for Non-Royalties will be reduced from 10% to 5% upon the Company’s receipt of two times the total cumulative amount of consideration paid by the Company to Aronora. In July 2020, Bayer elected to not exercise its option on the third Bayer Product and that product is now subject to the same economics as the non-Bayer Products.

Under the terms of the Aronora RPA, the Company paid Aronora a $6.0 million upfront payment at the close of the transaction. The Company financed $3.0 million of the upfront payment with a term loan under its Loan and Security Agreement with SVB. The Company was required to make a contingent future cash payment of $1.0 million for each of the three Bayer Products that were active on September 1, 2019 (up to a total of $3.0 million, the “Aronora Contingent Consideration”). Pursuant to the Aronora RPA, if the Company receives $250.0 million in cumulative royalties on net sales per product, the Company will be required to pay associated tiered milestone payments to Aronora in an aggregate amount of up to $85.0 million per product (the “Royalty Milestones”). The Royalty Milestones are paid based upon various royalty tiers prior to reaching $250.0 million in cumulative royalties on net sales per product. Royalties per product in excess of $250.0 million are retained by the Company.

At the inception of the agreement, the Company recorded $9.0 million as long-term royalty receivables in its consolidated balance sheet, including the estimated fair value of the Aronora Contingent Consideration of $3.0 million. In September 2019, the Company paid the $3.0 million contingent consideration to Aronora. As the Company receives royalties from Aronora for a product, the Company will recognize the liability for future Royalty Milestones for such product when probable and estimable. The Company continues to assess that no payments are probable to be received under this agreement in the near term.

Under the cost recovery method, the Company does not expect to recognize any income related to milestones and royalties received until the purchase price has been fully collected. The Company performed its quarterly impairment assessment and no impairment indicators were identified. Accordingly, no impairment was recorded as of December 31, 2022. 

Palobiofarma Royalty Purchase Agreement

On September 26, 2019, the Company entered into the Palo RPA, pursuant to which the Company acquired the rights to potential royalty payments in low single-digit percentages of aggregate net sales associated with six drug candidates in various clinical development stages, targeting the adenosine pathway with potential applications in solid tumors, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, asthma/chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, ulcerative colitis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, lung cancer, psoriasis and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and other indications (the “Palo Licensed Products”) that are being developed by Palo. Novartis is a development partner on NIR178, one of the Palo Licensed Products, and NIR178 is being developed pursuant to a license agreement between Palo and Novartis.

Under the terms of the Palo RPA, the Company paid Palo a $10.0 million payment at the close of the transaction, which occurred simultaneously upon parties’ entry into the Palo RPA on September 26, 2019.

At the inception of the agreement, the Company recorded $10.0 million as long-term royalty receivables in its consolidated balance sheet. The Company continues to assess that no payments are probable to be received under this agreement in the near term. Under the cost recovery method, the Company does not expect to recognize any income related to royalties received until the purchase price has been fully collected. The Company performed its quarterly impairment assessment and no impairment indicators were identified. Accordingly, no impairment was recorded as of December 31, 2022.

Viracta Royalty Purchase Agreement

On March 22, 2021, the Company entered into the Viracta RPA, pursuant to which the Company acquired the right to receive future royalties, milestones, and other payments related to two clinical-stage drug candidates for $13.5 million. The first candidate, DAY101 (pan-RAF kinase inhibitor), is being developed by Day One Biopharmaceuticals, and the second candidate, vosaroxin (topoisomerase II inhibitor), is being developed by Denovo Biopharma. The Company acquired the right to receive (i) up to $54.0 million in potential milestones, potential royalties on sales, if approved, and other payments related to DAY101, excluding up to $20.0 million consideration retained by Viracta, and (ii) up to $57.0 million in potential regulatory and commercial milestones and high single-digit royalties on sales related to vosaroxin, if approved.

At the inception of the Viracta RPA, the Company recorded $13.5 million as long-term royalty receivables in its consolidated balance sheet. No payments are probable to be received under the Viracta RPA in the near term. Under the cost recovery method, the Company does not expect to recognize any income related to royalties, milestones and other payments until the purchase price has been fully collected. The Company performed its quarterly impairment assessment and no impairment indicators were identified. Accordingly, no impairment was recorded as of December 31, 2022.

Kuros Royalty Purchase Agreement

On July 14, 2021, the Company entered into the Kuros RPA, pursuant to which the Company acquired the rights to 100% of the potential future royalties from commercial sales, which are tiered from high single-digit to low double-digits, and up to $25.5 million in pre-commercial milestone payments associated with an existing license agreement related to Checkmate Pharmaceuticals’ vidutolimod (CMP-001), a Toll-like receptor 9 agonist, packaged in a virus-like particle, for an upfront payment of $7.0 million. The Company may pay up to an additional $142.5 million to Kuros in sales-based milestones.

At the inception of the Kuros RPA, the Company recorded $7.0 million as long-term royalty receivables in its consolidated balance sheet. Under the cost recovery method, the Company does not expect to recognize any income related to royalties, milestones and other payments until the purchase price has been fully collected.

In May 2022, Regeneron completed its acquisition of Checkmate Pharmaceuticals resulting in a $5.0 million milestone payment to Kuros.  Pursuant to the Kuros RPA, the Company is entitled to 50% of the milestone payment, which was received by XOMA in July 2022. In accordance with the cost recovery method, the $2.5 million milestone received was recorded as a direct reduction of the recorded long-term royalty receivable balance. As of December 31, 2022, no payments are probable to be received under the Kuros RPA in the near term.

The Company performed its quarterly impairment assessment and no impairment indicators were identified. Accordingly, no impairment was recorded as of December 31, 2022.

Affitech Commercial Payment Purchase Agreement

On October 6, 2021, the Company entered into the Affitech CPPA, pursuant to which, the Company purchased a future stream of commercial payment rights to Roche’s faricimab from Affitech for an upfront payment of $6.0 million. The Company is eligible to receive 0.50% of future net sales of faricimab for a ten-year period following the first commercial sales in each applicable jurisdiction. The Company may pay up to an additional $20.0 million based on the achievement of certain regulatory and sales milestones. At the inception of the Affitech CPPA, the Company recorded $14.0 million as long-term royalty receivables which includes the $6.0 million upfront payment and $8.0 million in regulatory milestones in its consolidated balance sheet. The Company concluded the regulatory milestone payments of $8.0 million met the definition of a derivative under ASC 815 and should be accounted at fair value and recorded as a current liability at the inception of the transaction. Therefore, the regulatory milestone payments were recorded as contingent liabilities in its consolidated balance sheet. The Company concluded the sales-based milestone payments of $12.0 million do not meet the definition of a derivative under ASC 815 and a liability will be recognized when probable and estimable.

In January 2022, Genentech, a member of the Roche group, received approval from the FDA to commercialize VABYSMO (faricimab-svoa) for the treatment of wet, or neovascular, age-related macular degeneration and diabetic macular edema. Pursuant to the Affitech CPPA, the Company paid Affitech a $5.0 million milestone tied to these U.S. marketing approvals.

In September 2022, in connection with Roche receiving approval from the European Commission to commercialize VABYSMO for the treatment of neovascular or ‘wet’ age-related macular degeneration and visual impairment due to diabetic macular edema, the Company made a $3.0 million milestone payment to Affitech pursuant to the terms of the Affitech CPPA. As a result of the EC Approval, XOMA is eligible to receive a 0.5% commercial payment stream for ten years from the first commercial sale of VABYSMO in Europe.

In August 2022, the Company received $0.5 million from Roche representing the first commercial payment for sales of VABYSMO during the first six months of 2022. In accordance with the cost recovery method, the $0.5 million received was recorded as a direct reduction of the long-term royalty receivable balance. In February 2023, the Company received $2.4 million, representing its commercial payment stream from sales of VABYSMO during the last six months of 2022. The payment amount was reclassified from long-term to short-term royalty and commercial payment receivables in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2022. Based upon limited available information, the Company is unable to reasonably estimate future net sales and the commercial payments to be received during the year ended December 31, 2023 and, as such, no additional amounts are reflected as short-term royalty and commercial payment receivables.

Under the cost recovery method, the Company does not expect to recognize any income related to future commercial payment receipts until the purchase price has been fully collected.  The Company performed its quarterly impairment assessment and no impairment indicators were identified. Accordingly, no impairment was recorded as of December 31, 2022.

The following table summarizes the royalty receivable activities during the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands):

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